Course Number: CHH102, Course Title: FUNDAMENTALSof Chemistry: MATH.GR.

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Half Course Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pds./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1                                                                                              [10 pds]

THERMODYNAMICS: First law of thermodynamics, the enthalpy of reaction, Hess's Law, temperature dependence of enthalpies, relation between H and U, Heat capacities, Born-Haber cycle, Second Law of thermodynamics, entropy and its molecular basis, free energy and useful work, entropy v/s reversible and irreversible reactions, free energy and equilibrium.

UNIT 2                                                                                              [10 pds]

CHEMICAL BONDING: Ionic Bond, Energetic of formation of ionic substances, Properties of ionic compounds, variable electrovalency, covalency, characteristics of covalent compounds, nature of the covalent bonds, valence bond theory, hybridization, concept of resonance hydrogen bonding. VSEPR model, Molecular orbital theory, Coordination compounds, Werner’s Coordination theory. A general survey of s, p and d block elements and their properties.

UNIT 3                                                                                              [11 pds]

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: Ionisation of water, solutions of strong acids and bases, the concept of pH, Conjugate acid-base systems in aqueous solutions, equilibria involving weak acid-base system, control of pH, buffers, acid-base equilibrium in salt solutions, acid-base titrations, ionisation of polyprotic acids, acid base indictors, hydrolysis, hard and soft acid and base concept.

CHEMICAL KINETICS: Order and molecularity of reactions, rate expression for different orders and half life periods, collision theory, reaction mechanisms, Arrhenius concept, activation energy and its measurements, catalysis, free radicals and chain reaction.

UNIT 4: CHEMISTRY OF ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR LIFE                       [10 pds]

Some aspects of chemistry of elements (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous) essential to life. The remaining 21 essential elements and their role.

UNIT 5: CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES                                               [11 pds]

The compounds of life with necessary introduction of cells, Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins and hormones and nucleic acids.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Soni P.L.: Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry (2015).

Madan R.D.: Modern Inorganic Chemistry (2018).

Cotton F.A. &  Wilkinson G.: Basic Inorganic Chemistry (2014).

Bahl B.S. & Bahl A.: Text Book Of Organic Chemistry (2014).

Soni P.L.: Text Book of Organic Chemistry (2014).

Hill & Hollman: Chemistry in Context (2000).

Huheey J.E., Keiter E.A. and Keiter R.L.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 4^th Edition (2006), Addison Wesley Publishing Co., NY.

Shriver D.F. and Atkins P.W.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 5^th Edition (2010), ELBS, London.

 

Course Number: CHH103, Course Title: Chemistry Practical

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Half Course, Approved since session:  2016-2017

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

Qualitative Analysis: (a) Mixture of salts by semi‑micro method containing not more than five ions including insoluble and interfering ions (b) Systematic identification of organic compounds.

Quantitative Analysis: (a) Volumetric estimation {Hardness of water and Iodometry}

1. Analysis of cations and anions in milk.

2. Determination of acid value of milk using volumetric analysis.

3. Analysis of cations and anions in water extract of soil samples.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Sharma K.K. and Sharma D.S.: AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vikas Publication House Ltd., N. Delhi (2003).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL, I. S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 4^th Ed. (2005).

Pandey O.P., Bajpai D.N. and Giri S.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 5^th Ed. (2004).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY INORGANIC II, S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 4th Ed. (2005).Course Number: CHW101, Course Title: PHY. & CHEM. ASPECT OF LEATHER PRO.1

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) General awareness of leather manufacturing (b) Common physical properties of matter, solutions, crystals, various types of chemical reactions (c) Knowledge of colloids, gels, diffusion, osmosis, electrolytes, pH and catalysts (d) Principles of volumetric analysis.

PRACTICAL: Volumetric analysis: Preparation of standard solutions, acidimetry and alkalimetry, oxidation and reduction titrations.

 

Course Number: CHW102, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR & WATER I

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a)Principal uses of water, Generation of waste water : municipal waste water and Industrial waste water (b) Characteristics of Waste Water: Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, Suspended solids, BOD, COD, Oil and grease, phenolic compounds, cyanides, sulphides, chlorides, fluorides, metals etc. (c) ISI tolerance limits for the sewage and industrial effluents and that of on land surface water (d) Overview of air pollution: Episodes, sources, criteria and non criteria pollutants, primary and secondary pollutants (e) ISI limits for gaseous Industrial emissions and automobile emissions.

PRACTICAL: (a) Survey of environment around the residential area where the candidate live and submission of a report on principle uses of water, generation of waste water, fluctuations of day and night penetration rates (qualitative idea), methods currently employed for transportation and disposal and any visible impact of such practice on the environment (b) Methods of sample collection and different types of samples.

 

Course Number: CHW103, Course Title: SOIL TESTING I

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: Soil- General characteristics, physical and chemical properties of soil, density, pore space, plasticity and cohesion, colour, inorganic components and organic materials. Major and minor nutrients. Soil pH and electrical conductivity of soil. Soil texture. Types of manure and fertilizers. Methods of soil sampling, collection and preparation of the soil sample in the laboratory.

PRACTICAL: Collection of soil samples from the agricultural fields of Dayalbagh. Preparation of soil sample for use in the laboratory. Determination of apparent specific density or bulk density, water holding capacity, water soluble contents, pH and electrical conductance, chemical analysis of soil samples, preparation of soil extract, test of nitrate-nitrogen, ammoniacal-nitrogen, pH, phosphate, potassium and organic matter.

 

Course Number: CHW104, Course Title: EXTRACTION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS I

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

1. Methods of purification of solids: Crystallization, Sublimation

2. Methods of purification of liquids: Simple distillation, Fractional distillation, steam distillation, Distillation    under reduced pressure.

3. Extraction of natural products: (a) Rose water preparation (b) Clove oil by Clavenger's method (c) Azwain oil by Clavenger's method (d) Black Pepper by Soxhlet Extraction (e) Groundnut oil by Soxhlet    extraction.   

4. Milk testing: (a) Qualitative analysis of milk (b) Testing of milk for adulterants and preservatives.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Skoog D.A., Holler F.J. and Nieman T.A.: PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS, 5^th Edition (1998), Horcourt Brace & Company, Florida.

Willard H.H., Merritt L.L. and Dean J.A.: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS, 6^th Edition (1986), CBS Publishers & Distributors, Shahdra, New Delhi.

Pecscock R.L., Shields L.D., Cairns T. and Mc William I.C.: MODERN METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 2^nd Edition (1976), John Willey, New York.

Khopka S.K.: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd  Edition (2008) New Age International Publications, New Delhi.

De A.K.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, 8^th  Edition (2017), Willey Eastern, New Delhi.
Course Number: CHM181, Course Title: APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Class: B.Tech., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2019-2020

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. each)/week: 4(L: 3+T: 1+P: 0+S: 0), Min.pds./sem.:52

 

UNIT 1: Water Analysis                                                                    [10 pds]

Hardness of water, Treatment of boiler feed water: (a) Internal treatment, (b) External treatment. Techniques for water softening (Lime-soda, Zeolite and Ion exchange resin). Analysis of water

UNIT 2: FUELS, CLASSIFICATION AND COMBUSTION                                [10 pds]

SOLID FUELS: Different kinds of coal, Analysis of coal. Coke and its manufacturing.

LIQUID FUELS: Petroleum: Refining of petroleum. Cracking. Synthesis of petrol. Octane number and Cetane number.

GASEOUS FUEL: Natural Gas, Water gas. Composition, calorific value, uses.

COMBUSTION: Combustion, Calculation of air required for combustion of fuel. Combustion by weight & volume. Problems on combustion.

UNIT 3: INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS                                                             [10 pds]

LUBRICANTS: Types of lubricants. Additives for lubricants. Synthetic lubricants.

PLASTICS AND RUBBER: Plastics as engineering materials. Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic. Natural and synthetic rubber, Vulcanization.

chemical industry: Introduction, characteristics of chemical industry, Economic aspects of small scale chemical industries.

UNIT 4: METALS & ALLOYS                                                                                             [10 pds]

Refractories: different types, properties and uses.

Metallurgy: metallurgy of Copper, Alloys of Copper and Aluminium and their uses. Manufacture of pig iron and steel. Impurities and their effects on properties of steel.

UNIT 5: SOLIDS: BONDING AND Structure                                           [12 pds]

Bonding in solids. Various types of bonds. Properties of materials depending upon bonding.

Ideal Crystals: Space lattice. Unit cell. Crystal systems. Crystal Structure (Bravais lattices). Atomic arrangement in cubic system.      

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Agarwal C.V.: CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 9^th Edition (2006).                                        

Jain & Jain: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, 16^th Edition (2015).

Swarup D.: ELEMENTS OF METALLURGY, 6^th Edition (2005).

Raghvan V.: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2015).

Callister W.: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION (2014).

Dara S.S.: A TEXT BOOK OF ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2008).

 

Course Number: CHM182, Course Title: APPLIED CHEMISTRY LAB.

Class: B.Tech., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2019-2020

Total Credits:1, Periods(55 mts. each)/week: 2 (L:0+T:0+P:1+S:1), Min.pds./sem.: 26

 

List of Experiments

1.    To determine the temporary hardness of water by E.D.T.A. method.

2.    To estimate the Chloride content of water.

3.    To determine different Alkalinity present in a given solution/water sample.

4.    To determine the strength of the given unknown copper sulphate solution iodometrically.

5.    To determine the Cloud and Pour point of the given oil.

6.    To determine the Flash and Fire points of the given lubricating oil.

7.    To determine the variation of viscosity with temperature of the given oil by plotting a graph between viscosity and temperature.

8.    To determine the degree of temporary hardness of given sample of water.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. & Denney R.C.: VOGEL’S TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 5^th Ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, U.K. (1989). 

Dara S.S.: A TEXTBOOK ON EXPERIMENTS AND CALCULATIONS IN ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, S. Chand Publications, New Delhi (2008).

Rani S. & Bhasin S.K.:LABORATORY MANUAL ON ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2009).

 

Course Number: CHM101, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION                                                        [4 pds]

Periodic classification and periodicity of elements, s,p,d and f block elements, the long form of periodic table including recent classification, Periodicity in properties ‑ a general consideration.

UNIT 2: PERIODIC PROPERTIES                                                              [6 pds]

Studies of the following periodic properties:

(a) Atomic radii, orbital, Bragg‑slater, (Van der Waals atomic radius).

(b) Ionic radii and crystal radii.

(c) Covalent radii(octahedral and tetrahedral).

(d) Ionization potential, successive ionization potentials and factors influencing ionization potential.

(e) Electron affinity.

(f) Electronegativity (Pauling, Mulliken, Alfred Rochow, Mulliken Jaffe'selecto negativity scales, variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial charge and hybridization.

UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING ‑I                                                              [6 pds]

(a) Ionic Bond ‑ General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio and its limitations, packing of ions in crystal, lattice energy, Born‑Haber equation and its application, Polarizing power and its polarizability, Fajan's rule, Hydration energy.

(b) Covalent Bond: General characteristics, detailed description of covalent bond, resonance and resonance energy, hybridization, multiple bonding, sigma and pi bonds, bond length, bond order, criterion bond strength, bond energy, formal charge, bond moment and dipole moments, percentage ionic character from dipole moments and electronegativity difference.

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL BONDING – II                                                           [4 pds]

Hydrogen bond (Theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment) metallic bond (quantitative ideas of free electron, valence bond and bond theories), Weak inter molecular and intramolecular forces, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). Shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bonds, bonding in electron deficient compounds with reference to alkyls of beryllium and aluminum and diborane.

UNIT 5: CHEMICAL BONDING ‑ III                                                           [6 pds]

Theories of Bonding: Detailed description of L.C.A.O. and concept of united atoms in M.O. theory, bonding, anti‑bonding and non‑ bonding orbital, M.O. configuration of simple diatomic molecules (H₂, He₂, N₂, C₂, B₂, F₂, CO₂, NO and their ions). M.O. treatment (Qualitative picture) of polyatomic systems such as BeH₂, CH₄, BCl₃, Comparison of V.B. and M.O. theories.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Cotton F.A. and Wilkinson G.: BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Wiley (Inter Science) New York, (2014).

Day M.C. and Selbin J.: THEORETICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y. (2012)

Lee J.D.: CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y. (2008)

Huheey J.E.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ‑ PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY, Harper and Row (2006).

Pauling L.: THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL BOND, Cornwell University Press (for V.B. Theory only) (1960).

Manku G.S.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Tata McGraw Hill, 22^nd Edition (2006).

Sienko and Plane: CHEMISTRY - PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EDITION, McGraw Hill (1967).

 

Course Number: CHM102, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: ORGANIC ACIDS & BASES                                                             [8 pds]

Proton transfer theory, Lowry and Bronsted concept, conjugate acid-base pair, Lewis concept, Parameter affecting relative strength of acids and bases (solvent, substitutents, resonance, etc.). Hard and soft acids, Peason concept.

UNIT 2: ELECTRONIC DISPLACEMENTS IN COVALENT BOND                       [5 pds]

Nature of covalent bond and its orbital representation, hybridization, bond energy, bond angle, electronegativity, sigma and pi bonds, homolytic and heterolytic bond fission, electrophiles and nucleophiles, carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and their stability and reactivity. Inductive effect, inductomeric effect, electrometric effect, resonance effect, resonance, hyper conjugation, conjugation, hydrogen bonding.

UNIT 3: ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES                                                   [5 pds]

Introduction, isomerism, synthesis, physical properties, chemical reactivity (oxidation, cracking, aromatisation, etc.) mechanism of free radical halogenations. Some important members, Bayer's strain theory.

UNIT 4: ALKENES                                                                                 [5 pds]

Introduction to alkenes, methods of synthesis, physical properties, chemical reactivity, hydrogenation, heat of hydrogenation and stability of alkenes, electrophilic addition reactions and their mechanism, halogenation, hydro halogenation, hydration, Markownikoff's rule, mechanism of addition reactions, peroxide effect, 1.3‑dipolar additions, epoxidation, hydroxylation, ozonolysis, Polymerization. Difference between polymerization and chemical reactions, average molecular weight concept, addition and condensation polymerization.

UNIT 5: DIENES AND ALKYNES                                                               [6 pds]

Dienes- Introduction, conjugated, isolated and cumulated (allenes) dienes, method of synthesis, physical properties, and chemical reactivity. 1, 2 and 1, 4 addition reactions, Diels‑Alder reaction.

Alkynes- Introduction, methods of synthesis, physical properties, chemical reactivity, acidity of alkynes, electrophilic addition reactions, hydration, substitution reactions, polymerization.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bahl B.S. & Bahl A.: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Sultan Chand & Co., New Delhi (2014).

Soni P.L.: TEXT BOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Sultan Chand & Co., New Delhi (2014).

Morrison and Boyd: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Gurney and Jackson, Edinburg, 7^th Edition (2010).

Finar I.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. I,, ELBS and Longman Ltd., New Delhi (2002).

Bruice P.Y.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2^nd Edition (1998) Prentice Hall, International Edition (2013). 
Course Number: CHM103, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 2(L-0+T-0+P/S-2), Min. pd./sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: GASEOUS STATE I                                                                    [5 pds]

Gas laws and postulates of kinetic theory, collisions and gas pressure, average kinetic energy of translation, Boltzmann constant and absolute scale of temperature, root mean square velocity and temperature.

Maxwell distribution law of molecular speeds (no derivation), molecular speeds and energy distribution as a function of temperature. Calculation of most probable, average and root mean square velocities of molecules.

Principle of equipartition of energy, Molecular basis of heat capacity. Mean free path and collision frequencies.

UNIT 2: GASEOUS STATE II                                                                   [5 pds]

Real gases, compressibility factor, deviation from ideality, Van der Waals equation of state, implications of the Van der Waals equation, isotherms of an ideal gas and a real gas, Boyle temperature, Critical constants, Law of corresponding states and reduced equation of state, Intermolecular forces and liquefaction of gases.

UNIT 3: LIQUID STATE                                                                          [5 pds]

Quality treatment of the structure of the state, Radial distribution function, Physical properties of liquids including their methods of determination, vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity, refractive index. Liquid crystals (elementary discussion on classification, structure and properties).

UNIT 4: CRYSTALLINE STATE I                                                               [6 pds]

The nature of solid state. Types of bonding in solids. Law of constancy of angles, concept of unit cell, seven crystal systems, Bravais lattices, law of rational indices, Miller indices, symmetry elements in crystals, Point groups and 32 crystal classes.

UNIT 5: CRYSTALLINE STATE II                                                              [6 pds]

X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law. Laue’s powder method, brief introduction to electron and neutron diffraction methods, crystal structure of NaCl and KCl, radius ratios and packing in crystals, hcp, ccp voids ( tetrahedral and octahedral) in closed packed arrangements, ionic radii, limiting radius ratio for tetrahedral, octahedral, cubic and hexagonal packings, coordination geometry.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Atkins P.W. & de P.J.: ATKIN’S: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, (8^th Edition), Oxford University Press (2006).

Bahl B.S., Bahl A. and Tuli G.D.: ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi (2006).

Engel T. & Reid P.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Pearson Education (2005).

Mortimer R.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Edition, Academic Press, U.S.A. (2008).

Silbey R.J., Alberty R.A. & Bawendi M.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 4^th Edition, Wiley (2004).

Kapoor K.L.: TEXT BOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 1, Macmillan India Limited (2008).

Rakshit P.C.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Revised and Enlarged (7^th Edition), Sarat Book House (2014).

Laidler K.J. and Meiser J.M.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2006), Houghton Mifflin Comp., New York, International Edition.

 

 

Course Number: CHM104, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL & SEMINAR

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2005-06

Total Credits: 2.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Min. pds./sem.:52

 

1. Mixture Analysis:

Analysis of mixtures by semi micro method containing not more than 5 cations and anions including interfering radicals (their removal) and combination radicals.

2. Determination of viscosity of liquids.

(i) Pure liquids.

(ii) Binary mixture of liquids.

3. Measurement of surface tension of liquids.

(i) Pure liquids.

(ii) Binary mixture of liquids.

4. Determination of solubility and solubility products.

5. Determination of critical solution temperatures of two partially miscible liquids (phenol and water).

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Giri S., Bajpai D.N. and Pandey O.P.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1983).

Pant D.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL, Book-Rix edition (2013).  

 

 

SEMINAR: Topics related to CHM101, CHM102 and CHM103

 

 

Course Number: CHH231/251/451, Course Title: HOUSEHOLD CHEMISTRY

Class: B..A., B. Sc. (HS), Status of the Course: NF Half Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/ week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum periods/Sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: BASICS OF CHEMISTRY                                                            [12 pds]

Natural Science: Its scope and limitations, scientific method, chemistry‑Its branches. Matter, Elements and compounds, physical and chemical changes, atoms and molecules, Atomic theory.  Formula writing and balancing of equations. Elementary study of ionization of catalysis. Types of catalyst, characteristics of catalysis, theory of catalysis.

UNIT 2                                                                                              [12 pds]

ATMOSPHERE: A brief introduction of atmospheric gases (N₂, O₂, CO₂, H₂ and O₃). Atmospheric composition, air pollution and prevention.

Water: Water as a solvent, water pollution, common disinfectants (KMnO₄, Chlorination, Ozone, UV light).

FUELS: Solid (coal, coke and charcoal), liquid (kerosene oil, petrol and diesel oil) and gas (LPG and CNG). Non conventional sources of energy.

UNIT 3: ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS                                                       [12 pds]

A general introduction of some common acids, bases and salts. Preparation (in brief), properties and uses of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Preparation (in brief), properties and uses of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, baking powder, boric acid, borax and bleaching powder.

UNIT 4                                                                                                [8 pds]

USEFUL ORGANIC PRODUCTS: Preparation, properties and uses of acetic acid, vinegar, glycerol and ethyl alcohol, alcoholmetery.

DRUGS: Antiseptics, antibiotics, antimalarial, sulpha drugs, insecticides and fungicides.

PAINTS: Surface Coating, Varnishes and lacquers.

UNIT 5: TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS                                          [6 pds]

An idea of various toxic and house hold chemicals, Prevention measures to be adopted against them. First aid measures to be undertaken in the event of accidents involving chemicals, chemical fire.

Brass, stainless steel and aluminum utensils (their composition and properties with respect to useful/harmful effects on biological systems).

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Sienko, M.J. and Plane R.A.: CHEMISTRY - PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1980

Arora M.P.: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, Himalaya Publishing House (2018)

Sharma B.K. and Kaur H.: WATER POLLUTION, Goel Publishing House (2016)

 

Course Number: CHH232/252/452, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: B.A., B. Sc. (HS), Status of the Course: NF Half Course, Approved since session:  2006-07

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Minimum periods per semester 52

 

1. Basic concept and Laboratory Techniques.

2. Exposure to techniques of crystallization, filtration, sublimation, distillation and extraction.

3. Qualitative analysis of milk (protein, sugar and minerals) and milk adulterants.

4. Idea of food preservatives and dyes.

5. Preparation of Phenyl for domestic use.

 

Course Number: CHW201, Title: PHY. & CHEM. ASPECT OF LEATHER PRO.2

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) Leather manufacture, history of the industry (b) Structure and composition of hides and skins, kinds of hides and skins (c) Procurement and quality control of raw hides and skin (d) Pre-tanning processes: Soaking, liming, unhairing, fleshing, deliming, bating, pickling, beam house operations.

PRACTICAL: (a) Knowledge of materials used in Tannery (b) Purity analysis of commonly used chemicals (c) Visit to a tannery and submission of a report.

 

Course Number: CHW202, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR & WATER II

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

Theory:(a) Methods of waste water analysis: (i) Physical analysis: Temperature, pH, electrical conductance, suspended solids (ii) Chemical analysis: Alkalinity, Hardness, chloride, fluoride, dissolved oxygen (b) Waste water analysis for BOD (5 days, 20⁰ C) and COD (c) Sources properties and effects of SO₂, NO_X, CO, O₃, and HCs (d) Sample collection techniques and measurement of suspended particulate matter (SPM).

PRACTICAL: (a)Physical analysis of water and waste water: Temperature, colour, odour, pH, electrical conductance, turbidity and total dissolved solids etc. (b) Sample collection of air pollutants.

 

Course Number: CHW203, Course Title: SOIL TESTING II

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY:Soil classification, soil management, colorimetric methods-general introduction, fundamental laws of colorimetry, Lambert’s law, Bear’s law, Failures of Lambert-Beer’s Law.

PRACTICAL:Quantitative estimation of phosphate, N (Kjeldahl’s method), preparation of charts and posters.

 

Course Number: CHW204, Course Title: EXTRACTION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS II

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Total periods per semester: 52

 

1. An introduction about fats and oils and their physical and chemical properties.

2. Methods for determination of:  (a) Acid value of fats and oils (b) Saponification value of fats and oil (c) Iodine value of fats and oils (d) R.M. Value of fats and oils.

 

Course Number: CHM201, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-2011

Total Credits: 2.0, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd. /sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: HYDROGEN                                                                              [5 pds]

Position in Periodic table, Isotopes, Ortho & Para form, Active forms of Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium.

UNIT 2: s BLOCK ELEMENTS                                                                   [4 pds]

Trends in physical and chemical properties of the elements and their important classes of compounds, Solvation including liquid ammonia) complexation tendencies, anomalous behaviour and diagonal relationships.

UNIT 3: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF p BLOCK ELEMENTS                             [5 pds]

Group trends in electronic configurations, structure of elements, atomic and ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, oxidation states & oxidation state diagrams on the basis of redox potential, inert pair effect and catenation.

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF p BLOCK ELEMENTS

Hydrides, Oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen, oxygen, fluorides, peracids of sulphur, interhalogen and pseudohalogens, oxides and oxy-acids of halogens.            [8 pds]

UNIT 5: NOBLE GASES                                                                          [4 pds]

Isolation and separation of Noble gases, Compounds of zero group elements formed under different physical conditions , true chemical compounds preparation, properties and structures of xenon fluorides.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Cotton F.A., Wilkinson G.: ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Wiley Eastern Limited (1971).

Bartlet N.: THE CHEMISTRY OF NOBLE GASES, Elsevier, N.Y  (2009).

Huheey J.E.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY, Harper and Row (1977).

Sharpe A.G.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS and Longman (2012).

Lee J.D.: CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., Chapman & Hall, London (1996).
Course Number: CHM202, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: BENEZNOIDS AND AROMATICITY                                                [5 pds]

Introduction, structure of benzene, molecular orbital picture of benzene ring, synthesis and reactions of benzene, Electrophilic substitution and its mechanism, effect of substituent groups, activating and deactivating groups, directive influence, orientation. Aromaticity, Huckel’s (4n+2) rule and its simple applications.

UNIT 2: ALDEHYDES AND KETONES                                                        [5 pds]

Introduction to carbonyl group, methods of synthesis of aldehydes and ketones, physical properties, chemical reactivity of carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition reactions, Cannizaro's reaction, Mannich reaction, Reformatsky reaction, acidity of alpha hydrogen atom in carbonyl compounds, aldol condensation, Perkin's reaction, Knoevenagel reaction, reduction and Oxidation reactions.

UNIT 3: ALKYL AND ARYL HALIDES                                                         [5 pds]

Alkyl halides- Introduction, synthesis, chemical reactivity, synthetic applications of important individual members. Aryl halides- introduction, nuclear and side chain halogen compounds, synthesis, chemical reactivity of important individual members. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution and effect of substituents on reactivity and mechanisms. Girgnard reagent.

UNIT 4: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS                                             [6 pds]

Alcohols – Introduction, synthesis including hydroboration and oxymercuration, chemical reactivity, distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, 1,2-Glycols, Glycerol and benzyl alcohols (preparation and reactions). Phenols-synthesis, acidic character of phenols, chemical reactions. Dihydric and trihydric phenols. Ethers- preparation, properties of dimethyl ether.

UNIT 5: DIAZONIUM SALTS AND REALATED COMPOUNDS                          [5 pds]

Diazotization and its mechanisms, structure of benzene diazonium chloride, synthesis of benzene diazonium chloride. Relative stabilities of alkyl and aryl diazonium salts. Preparation and chemicals reactivity of azo, hydrazo compounds and phenyl hydrazine. Synthetic applications of diazonium salts.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bahl B.S. and Bahl B.S.: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, S. Chand and Co., New Delhi (2014).

Soni P.L.: TEXTBOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Sultan Chand & Co., New Delhi (2014).

Singh H. and Tandon M.M.N.: TEXTBOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Shivlal Aggrawal and Co., Agra (2012).

Morrison and Boyd: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Gurney and Jackson, Edinburg (2010).

FinarI.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Longman Scientific & Technical Longman Group Ltd., England (2007).

 

Course Number: CHM203, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 2, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 2(L-0+T-0+P/S-2), Min. pd./sem.: 26

 

UNIT 1: CHEMICAL KINETICS                                                                 [6 pds]

Order of a reaction (including fractional and negative orders), molecularity, Rate laws-differential forms, integrated forms upto second order only, methods of determination of order of a reaction. Steady state approximation and reaction mechanism, complex opposite, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions and their differential rate equations (integrated rate equations only for first order reactions). Effect of temperature on reaction rate.

UNIT 2: PHOTOCHEMISTRY                                                                    [4 pds]

Laws of photochemistry, Quantum efficiency and its measurements, reasons of low and high quantum yields, radiative and non‑ radiative processes, Principle of photochemical excitation and photosensitization, Luminescence.

UNIT 3: CATALYSIS                                                                              [6 pds]

Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, theories of catalysis, kinetics of catalytic decomposition, promoters and inhibitiors, acid base catalysis, enzyme catalysis (Michaelis Menten equation), Industrial application, properties and function of typical catalysts (metal semiconducting oxides, insulating oxides and acids), Hydrogenation, oxidation, cracking and reforming.

UNIT 4: MACROMOLECULES                                                                   [6 pds]

Characteristics of macromolecules (addition and condensation polymerization), degree of polymerization. Concept of number and weight average molecular masses, osmometry, viscometry, light scattering and diffusion methods in studies of average molecular weights, shapes of macromolecules.

UNIT 5: ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER                   [4 pds]

Intermolecular forces and dipole moments, Clausius- Mossotti equation, Dipole moment and molecular polarisabilities and their measurements. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, magnetic susceptibility and its measurements, molecular interpretation.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Atkins P.W. & de P.J.: ATKIN’S PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 8^th Edition, Oxford University Press (2006).

Bahl B.S., Bahl A. and Tuli G.D.: ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTR, S. Chand and company Ltd., New Delhi (2006).

Barrow G.M.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 6^th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York (1996).

Engel T. & Reid P.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PEARSON EDUCATION, (2005).

McQuarrie D.A. & Simon J.D.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - A MOLECULAR APPROACH, 3^rd Edition, University Science Books (2001).

Mortimer R.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Edition, Academic Press, U.S.A. (2008).

Silbey R.J., Alberty R.A. & Bawendi M.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 4^th Edition, Wiley (2004).

Campbell I.M.: CATALYSIS AT SURFACES, Chapman & Hall, New York/London (1988).

Chorkendorff I.B. & Niemantsverdriet J.W.: CONCEPTS OF MODERN CATALYSIS AND KINETICS, Wiley-VCH (2003).

Thomas J.M. & Thomas M.J.: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS, John Wiley & Sons (1996).

Kapoor K.L.: TEXT BOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. I, Macmilan India Limited (2008).

Rakshit P.C.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Revised and Enlarged, 7^th Edition, Sarat Book House (2018).

Laidler K.J. and Meiser J.M.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Edition (1999), Houghton Mifflin Comp., New York, International Edition.

Levine I.N.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed. (2010), Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

 

 

Course Number: CHM204, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL & SEMINAR

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2016-17

Total Credits: 2.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

1.    Refractive index measurements of (i) Pure liquids [Calculation of molar refractions] (ii) Solutions.

2.    Determination of an equivalent weight of an acid volumetrically.

3.    Titrations:(i) Iodometric [Determination of Cu] (ii) Oxidation Reduction [Determination of Fe with K₂Cr₂O₇].

4.    Purification of organic compounds, sublimation, crystallization, simple distillation, Fractional distillation and steam distillation.

5.    Single and double step synthesis of Organic Compounds, viz., pthalimide, Benzanilide, Phenyl benzoate and Benzamide.

6.    Chemical Equilibrium: Experiments regarding verification of LeChatelier’s Principle.

7.    Green synthesis of acetanilide.

8.    Green synthesis of dibenzal propanone (Base catalyzed aldol condensation).

9.    Green Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleic acid.

10. Green approach to benzal- benzilic acid rearrangement

SEMINAR: Topics related to CHM 201, CHM 202, CHM 203

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Sharma K.K. & Sharma D.S.: AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vikas Publication House Ltd., N. Delhi, 2^nd Ed. (1988).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL, I. S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 4^th Ed. (2005).

Pandey O.P., Bajpai D.N. and Giri S.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 5^th Ed. (2004).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY INORGANIC II, S. Chand & Company, N. Delhi, 4th Ed. (2005).

Vishnoi N.K.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., N. Delhi (2009).

Kamboj P.C.: UNIVERSITY PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar (2008).

KheterpalS.C.: PRADEEP’S PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 1, Pradeep Publications, Jalandhar (2005).

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut (2015).

Giri S., Bajpai D.N. and Pandey O.P.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (2010).

 

 

Course Number: CHM301, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: TRANSITION ELEMENTS                                                           [12 pds]

Electronic configuration and comparative study of elements of first transition series with reference to atomic and ionic radii, ionization potential, redox potential, oxidation state, oxidation state diagrams on the basis of redox potentials, magnetic properties, complex formation, metallic nature and catalytic activity. Colour and spectral behavior with reference to d¹ and d⁹ systems (Splitting of d orbitals) Chemistry of Sc and Cu with reference to relative stability of their oxidation states. Trends in physical and chemical properties in passing from the first to the second and to the third series. Types of magnetic behavior, Gouy's method of determining magnetic susceptibility. Application of paramagnetic susceptibility in the investigation of nature of bonding and stereochemistry of first row transition metal complexes.

UNIT 2: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS                                                   [11 pds]

Werner’s theory, nomenclature, chelates, stereochemistry of different coordination numbers, Isomerism in coordination complexes, Valence bond theories to explain bonding in transition metal complexes, explanation of magnetism, geometry and colour of coordination complexes. Effective Atomic Number rule. Stability of complexes, factors influencing the stability, stabilization of lower oxidation states. Determination of composition of complexes by spectrophotometry, colorimetric, pH-metric and conductometric methods and dipole measurements.

UNIT 3: LANTHANIDES                                                                          [4 pds]

General study, electronic configuration, oxidation states, magnetic properties and complexation behavior, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides.

UNIT 4: ACTINIDES                                                                              [4 pds]

Discovery, electronic configuration, oxidation states, magnetic properties, comparison with lanthanides, chemistry of separation of Np, Pu and Am from Uranium.

UNIT 5: PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY                                                     [8 pds]

(a) Chief modes of occurrence of metal based on standard electrode potentials. Principles of various concentration methods like froth floatation, gravity separation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation and chemical leaching. Role of carbon and other reducing agents. Electrolytic reduction (b) Qualitative idea of free energy ‑ temperature graphs (c) Methods of purification and refining of metals including the modern methods like zone refining and ion exchange. Solvent extraction and electrolytic methods (only principles but not details of equipment and manufacture).

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Arniker H.L.: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, H.L. Dai and W. Ho (1995).

Cotton F.A. Wilkinson G., Murillo C.A. and Bochmann C.: ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,John-Wiley & Sons, 6th Ed. (2014).

Modler T.: CHEMISTRY OF LANTHANIDE ELEMENT, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (2006).

Seaborg G.T.: MAN MADE TRANSITION ELEMENTS, Prentice Hall, England (1963).

Speddy F.H. and Daane A.H.: THE RARE EARTHS, Wiley, N.Y (1961).

Lee J.D.: CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 5^th Ed. (2006).

Drago R.S. and Matariyoff N.A.: ACIDS AND BASES, Heath, Lexington (2000).

Shriver D.J., Atkins P.W. and Langford C.H.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS, 2^nd Ed. (1994).

Kettle S.F.A.: PHYSICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A COORDINATIONCHEMISTRY APPROACH, Spektrum (1998).

Huheey J.E., Keiter E.A. and Harper R.L.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE & REACTIVITY, Collins, 4th Ed. (1993).

Figgis B.N.: INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELDS, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1976).

 

 

 

Course Number: CHM302, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 3(L-0+T-0+P/S-3), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES                              [8 pds]

Alkyl carboxylic acids- Introduction, synthesis, chemical reactivity, alpha-hydroxy acids. Aryl carboxylic acids- preparation, properties and acidic behavior of benzoic acid. Acidity of reactive methylene group, acetoacetic ester and malonic esters.

UNIT 2: AMINO COMPOUNDS                                                                                                                                                                                                      [8 pds]

Alkyl amines- nomenclature, synthesis, chemical reactivity and basicity of important amino compounds, separation of amines. Aryl amines- preparation and properties of aniline. Derivatives of amino compounds (acetanilide, sulphanilic acid, nitroaniline, benzylamine and quaternary ammonium hydroxides).

UNIT 3: NITRO COMPOUNDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES                                                                                                                                                           [7 pds]

Nitration and its mechanism, nitrating agents, factors affecting nitration, synthesis and chemical reactivity of important nitro compounds (nitrobenzene, meta di-nitro benzene and tri-nitro benzene). Reduction behavior, effect of nitro group on other nuclear halogens, alkyl groups, phenolic groups. Important properties of side chain substituted aromatic compounds (nitro alkanes).  

UNIT 4: SULPHONIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES                                                                                                                                                          [8 pds]

Sulphonation and its mechanism, sulphonating agents, parameters affecting sulphonation, synthesis and isolation aromatic sulphonic acid, chemical reactivity of important compounds [benzene sulphonic acids, sulphonyl chloride] Preparation and properties of important sulphonic acids derivatives [sulphonamides, sulpha drugs, saccharine and chloramines T].

UNIT 5: CARBOHYDRATES                                                                                                   [8 pds]

Introduction, occurrence, classification, interrelationship amongst monosaccharides, constitution of glucose and fructose. Reactions of glucose and fructose. Osazone formation. Mutarotation and its mechanism, cyclic structures, pyranose and furanose forms. Determination of ring size, Haworth projection formulae, configuration of monosaccharides. Epimerization, Chain lengthening and chain shortening in aldoses.Interconversion of aldoses and ketoses, disaccharides and polysaccharides, structure of sucrose and starch.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bahl B.S. and Bahl A.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, S. Chand and Company, 3^rdEd. (2007)

Soni P.L.: TEXT BOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Sultan Chand and Sons (2007).

Singh H. and Tandon M.M.N.: TEXTBOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Shivlal Agrawal and Company (1997)

Gilman: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Wiley and Co., N.Y. (2006)

FinarI.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol. II, Longman Scientific and Technical, England (2007)

Agrawal O.P.: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS Vol. I, Goel Publishing House Meerut (2006)

Agrawal O.P.: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS Vol. II, Goel Publishing House Meerut (2006)

 

Course Number: CHM303, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY III

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: GENERAL CONCEPT OF THERMODYNAMICS                                   [7 pds]

(New terminology as adopted by IUPAC should be used). Definition of thermodynamic terms, intensive and extensive variables, isolated, open and closed systems. Thermodynamic processes, cyclic processes, reversible and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic functions and their differentials, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Concept of heat and work.

UNIT 2: FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS                                              [6 pds]

First law of thermodynamics and internal energy, enthalpy, relation between Cp and Cv, Calculation of w, q, dU and dH for expansion of ideal gas, gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible and irreversible processes including free expansion, Joule‑Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature. Application of First law of Thermodynamics. Standard state, Standard enthalpy of formation, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of dilution (including enthalpy at infinite dilution), enthalpy of neutralisation,enthalpy of ionization and enthalpy of formation of ions. Bond dissociation energy (calculation of thermochemical data), Born‑ Haber cycle for calculation of lattice energy. Kirchoff's equation, Relation between H and U for a reaction.

UNIT 3: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS                                           [6 pds]

Spontaneous processes, Carnot's Cycle and its efficiency, Statements of second law, entropy as a state function. Calculation of entropy changes on different processes, Molecular interpretation of entropy.

Clausius‑Clapeyron equation, equilibrium between different phases. System of variable compositions: partial molar quantities, chemical potentials of a component in an ideal mixture. Gibbs‑Duhem equation, Variation of chemical potential with T and P and X.

UNIT 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY I                                                             [10 pds]

Conductance: Metallic and electrolytic conductivity and its measurements, molar conductivity, Kohlraush law of independent migration of ions, variation of molar conductivity with concentration of weak and strong electrolytes. Conductometric titrations.

Transfer numbers and their experimental determination using Hitorff's moving boundary methods, Anomalous transference numbers, ionic velocities and mobilities. Application of conductance measurement for determining solubility and solubility products, degree of ionization, ionic product of water and hydrolysis constant.

UNIT 5: ELECTROCHEMISTRY II                                                            [10 pds]

Strong and weak electrolytes, dissociation equilibria of weak electrolytes, pK of acids and bases, pH, Hydrolysis, pH changes in acid base titration (weak and strong) involving not more than two stages in aqueous medium, acid‑base indicator, common ion effect, buffer solutions, buffer capacity, mean activity coefficient, ionic strength, dependence of activity coefficient on ionic strength.

Electrolytic and galvanic cells, reversible and irreversible cells, electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation, determination of EO and equilibrium constant of a cell reaction. Free energy, entropy and enthalpy of a cell reaction.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Glasstone S.: TEXTBOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Macmillan and Co., London (1966).

Barrow G.M.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 2^nd revised ed., McGraw Hill International (1973).

Rastogi R.P. and Mishra R.R.: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS, 6^th revised ed., Vikas Publishing House (2009).

Crow D.R.: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Chapman and Hall, London (1994).

Kapoor K.L.: A TEXTBOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. I‑IV, Macmillan India Limited (1999).

Bockris J.O’M. and Reddy A.K.N.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Vol. II A & B, 2^nd Ed. Plenum Press, New York (1998).

Glasstone S.: AN INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROCHEMISTRY,Affiliated East West Press Private Limited(2006).

 

 

Course Number: CHM304, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2005-06

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:6(L-0+T-0+P/S-6), Min. pd./sem.: 78

 

1.    Preparations: (i) Alum‑Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (ii) [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ (iii) Chrome red (iv) Cuprous chloride (v) Potassium tri oxalate chromate

2.    Gravimetric: Using sintered glass crucible, estimation of Ba as BaSO₄.

3.    Molecular weight determination by elevation in boiling point method and depression in freezing point method.

4.    Distribution Coefficients: (i) Simple distribution (ii) Study of Dimerization (iii) Study of complex formation.

5.    Thermochemistry: (i) Heat of Neutralization (ii) Heat of Dilution (iii) Heat of solution.

6.    Preparation of buffer solutions, measurement of the pH values and experimental verification of their buffer actions.

7.    Determination of transition temperature of solids.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Giri S., Bajpai D.N. and Pandey O.P.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (2013).

Ahluwalia V.K., Dhingra S.: COLLEGE PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, Universities Press (2005).

Findlay A.: PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Longmans Green and Co., London (1954).  

Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. and Denney R.C.: VOGEL'S TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 5^th Ed.,   

John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York (1989).

Woollins, J. D.: INORGANIC EXPERIMENTS, VCH, Weinheim (1995).

 

 

Course Number: CHM305, Course Title: Seminar & Group Discussion

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 0.5, Periods per semester: 2/2(L-0+T-0+P/S-1), Periods per semester: 13

 

Topics related to courses CHM301, CHM302 & CHM303

Course Number: CHM401, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2011-12

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: ATOMIC NUCLEUS & RADIOACTIVITY                                                                       [10 pds]

Atomic Nuclei, composition of atomic nuclei, elementary constituents of nucleus, nature and magnitude of nuclear forces, mass and binding energy systematics, liquid drop model, the semi‑empirical mass formula. Radioactive decay Process: Instability of nucleus, nuclear fission, alpha decay, beta decay, spontaneous fission and gamma transition.

UNIT 2: NUCLEAR REACTION AND REACTORS                                                                            [9 pds]

Nuclear Reactions: Neutron and light charged particle induced reactions, nuclear fission and fusion. Interactions of radiations with matter, gaseous ion collection counters, semiconductors and scintillation detectors. Nuclear Reactors: Basic Principles, Reactor types, Application of radioactivity to chemistry, geology, archaeology and medicine, Disposal of radioactive waste.

UNIT 3: ACID‑BASE THEORIES                                                                                                                                                                     [8 pds]

Bronsted‑Lowry concept, relative strengths of acids and bases. Mechanism of proton transfer, amphoteric types of acid base reactions. Leveling solvents, Lux‑flood concept of acids and bases. Usanovich concept. Introduction to hard and soft acid and base concept.

UNIT 4: AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY                                                                                              [7 pds]

Introduction, conventions and units in aqueous solution chemistry, hydration of ions and solubilities of salts, ionization of acids in aqueous solution, complex formation, formation constants of complexes

UNIT 5: NON‑AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY                                                                                      [5 pds]

Classification of solvents, properties of solvents, study of solvents such as liquid NH₃, liquid SO₂ and DMSO.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Friedlander G., Kennedy J.W. and Miller E.S.: NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY, John Wiley & Co (1981).

Sood D.D., Ramamoorthy N. & Reddy A.V.R.: PRINCIPLES OF RADIOCHEMISTRY, A publication of Indian association of Nuclear Chemistry and Allied Scientists, Radiochemistry Division, BARC, Bombay (2004).

Martell A.E. & Calvin M.: CHEMISTRY OF THE METAL COMPOUNDS, Prentice Hall, England (1953).

Lee J.D.: A NEW CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS, Oxford (2008).

ArnikarH.J.: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, 4^th Edition, Wiley, New York (2011).

Housecroft C. and Sharpe A.G.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,Pearson (2004). 

 
Course Number: CHM402, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2011-2012

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS                           [10 pds]

Structure and configuration, Geometrical isomerism, E and Z system of nomenclature. Optical isomerism, optical activity, asymmetric carbon atom, elements of symmetry and chirality, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, relative and absolute configuration, D and L nomenclature, R and S system, Inversion, retention and racemisation. Asymmetric synthesis. Conformational isomerism in ethane and n-butane. Fischer, Newman and sawhorse projection formulae.

UNIT 2:  POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS                                                 [8 pds]

Introduction, structure of naphthalene, properties, mechanism and orientation of electrophilic substitution in naphthalene, chemical reactions. Some important derivatives of naphthalene like napthols and napthylamines. Preparation and reactions of anthracene.

UNIT 3:  HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS                                                                                 [10 pds]

Introduction, five and six membered heterocycles, aromatic characteristics of heterocyclic compounds, Electrophilic substitution in pyrole, furan and thiophene, chemical reactivity and orientation. Structure, synthesis, reactions and basicity of pyridine. Structure, Synthesis and Reactions of quinoline.

UNIT 4: CHROMATOGRAPHY                                                                                                  [6 pds]

Introduction, classification, basic principle of separation, elution: step vise and gradient, Rf and factors affecting R_f value, adsorbents, solvent system, method of operation of chromatographic column. Principle, methodology and applications of thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography and column chromatography. Normal and reverse phase chromatographic techniques and their applications.

UNIT 5: ORGANIC POLYMERS                                                                                                [5 pds]

Classification of polymers, block, random, graft co-polymers, thermo initiate, redox, photo-initiated polymers, functionality, initiators, inhibitors, addition polymerization, free radical polymerization, chain transfer, cationic and anionic, condensation polymerization.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Aggrawal O.P.: REACTION AND REAGENTS, Goyal Publishing House (1979).

Bahl B.S. and Bahl A.: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, S. Chand and Co., New Delhi (2014).

Sharma B.K.: CHROMATOGRAPHY, Goyal Publishing House, Meerut (2014).

Lederer E.: CHROMATOGRAPHY, Elsevier Publishing Co., N.Y (1963).

Finar I.L.: Vol. I, ELBS, Longmans Group, Essex, U.K. 6^th Edition (2002).

Eliel: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS, McGraw Hill (2001).

Gilman: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Wiley (1954).

Kalsi P.S.: STEREOCHEMISTRY‑CONFORMATION AND MECHANISM, Wiley eastern Limited (2005).

 

Course Number: CHM403, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IV

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2011-12

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 39

 

UNIT 1: SURFACE CHEMISTRY                                                                                   [8 pds]

Adsorption: types of adsorption, types of inter surface for adsorption, theories of adsorption. Adsorption at solid gas interface, comparison of chemical and physical adsorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Langmuir's adsorption isotherm, objections and advantages to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller adsorption theory and isotherm (derivation excluded), heat of adsorption.

Adsorption from solution: Isotherm of concentration, change for adsorption of solutes by solids from solution, calculation of surface area of solids, solution adsorption measurements.

Gibbs adsorption equation; its thermodynamic derivation and its experimental verification, monolayers of insoluble substances on liquid surface.

UNIT 2: SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES                                                 [8 pds]

Ideal and non-ideal solution, Types of Deviations, Dilute solutions, Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law. Relative lowering of vapour pressure. Elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmosis, osmotic pressure and its determination. Relation between colligative properties and molecular mass. Van’t Hoff factor, abnormal molar mass.

UNIT 3: PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND PHASE RULE                                                          [10 pds]

Phase, components, Degree of freedom, The Phase Rule, One Component Systems (Water system, CO₂ system, S system), Two Component Systems (Types A-Simple systems, Type B-Systems in which stable Compound is formed) Applications;

UNIT 4: THE DISTRIBUTION LAW                                                                              [3 pds]

Distribution coefficient, distribution law, conditions for the validity of distribution law. Association and dissociation of solute in one of the solvents. Chemical combination of solute with one of the solvents. Applications of distribution, process of extraction.

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM CHEMISTRY                                                  [10 pds]

Challenges to classical mechanics: experimental results on black‑body radiation, heat capacities, photoelectric effect, the compton effect, the diffraction of electrons, atomic and molecular spectra. Dual nature of radiation, de-Broglie equation, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, Postulates of quantum mechanics, operators, normalization and orthogonality of wave functions, eigen values and eigen functions, application of Schrodinger equation to the free particle and particle in a box, quantum numbers.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Atkins P.W. & de P.J.: ATKIN’S PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 8^th Ed., Oxford University Press (2006).

Bahl B.S., Bahl A. and Tuli G.D.: ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi (2006).

Barrow G.M.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 6^th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York(1996).

Castellan G.W.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Ed., Benjamin Cummings Pub. Co. (1983).

Engel T. & Reid P.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Pearson Education (2005).

McQuarrie D.A. & Simon J.D.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A MOLECULAR APPROACH, 3^rd Ed., Univ. Science Books (2001).

MooreW.J.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 4^th Ed. Prentice Hall (1972).

Mortimer R.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Ed. Academic Press, U.S.A. (2008).

Silbey R.J., Alberty R.A. & Bawendi M.G.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY,4^th Ed. Wiley (2004).

Crow D.R.: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Chapman and Hall, London (1994).

Reiger P.H.: ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Prentice Hall International (1987).

Kapoor K.L.: TEXT BOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. I-IV, Macmillan India Limited (2008).

Glasstone S.: TEXTBOOK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Macmillan and Co. (1974).

Rastogi R.P. and Mishra R.R.: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS, Vikas Publishing House (2000).

Rakshit P.C.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Revised and Enlarged, 7th Edition, Sarat Book House (2014).

 

Course Number: CHM404, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2006-07

Total Credits: 3, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:6 (L-0+T-0+P/S-6), Min. pd./sem.: 78

1. Surface Chemistry: (i) Acetic acid on active charcoal (ii) Oxalic acid on active charcoal
2. Colorimetry: (i) Verification of Lambert-Beer's law (ii) Determination of pK value of indicator.
3. Chemical Kinetics: Experiments regarding the dependence of the rate of reaction on: (i) nature of reactants (ii) concentration of reactants and (iii) presence of catalysts.
4. Detection of elements (N,S and halogens) in Organic Compounds.
5. Identification of Organic Compounds.
6. Electrochemistry: Determination of cell constant, specific and equivalent conductance.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2016).

Giri S., Bajpai D.N. and Pandey O.P.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (2013).

Gnanapragasam N.S. and Ramamurthy G.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LAB MANUAL, S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt. Ltd. (2009).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY (ORGANIC), S. Chand and Co. (2005).

VOGEL’S TEXTBOOK OF PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 401 edition, ELBS/Longman, England (1989).

Khosla B.D.: Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Company (1985). 

Course Number: CHM405, Course Title: Seminar & Group Discussion

Class: B.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 0.5, Periods per semester: 2/2(L-0+T-0+P/S-1), Total Periods per semester: 13

Topics related to courses CHM401, CHM402 & CHM403.

Course Number: CHM501, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc.(Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS – I                                                                        [12 Pds]

Definition and classification, synthesis, properties, structures and applications of organometallic compounds of Li, Mg, B, Sn, Al, Hg and Ti.

UNIT 2: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS – II                                                                                                                                                                      [12 Pds]

M‑C Bonded compounds of transition metals, preparation, properties, structures and stability (in Comparison to the main group analogues) Preparation, properties and nature of bonds of metal olefinic complexes.

UNIT 3: CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY                                                                                         [10 Pds]

Square planar, Octahedral, tetrahedral complexes: Relative order of orbital energies for these geometries, Crystal field stabilization energies, trends in crystal field splitting, spectrochemical series, structural effects of crystal field splitting ‑ tetrahedral, octahedral complexes. Jahn‑Teller effect in octahedral complexes, thermo- dynamic effects of crystal field splitting. Enthalpies of hydration for M²⁺ ion, lattice energies of MCl₂ compounds.

UNIT 4: LIGAND FIELD THEORY                                                                                                                                                                                          [08 Pds]

Evidence of covalence and adjusted crystal field theory (ACFT/LFT). Molecular orbital treatment of octahedral complexes and bonding MO's for tetrahedral and square planar complexes.

UNIT 5: TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES                                                                             [10 pds]

Metal carbenes and metal carbonyls of transition metals involving acceptors, metal carbonyls, acid character of CO molecules, M.O. representation of bi and tri‑nuclear carbonyls, seleno‑carbonyls and iso‑cyanides of metals, magnetic, I.R. and X‑ray evidences of the structure of metal nitrosyls, metal complexes and derived from tertiary phosphorus, arsines and dithiolenes.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Coalo G.E.M.: PRINCIPLES OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Melthues, London (1994).

Bailer J.C.: THE CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS, Van Nostrand, Reinhold, New York (1956).

Ballhausen C.J.: INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELD THEORY, McGraw Hill, New York (1962).

Orgel L.: AN INTRODUCTION TO TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY, Wiley Inter Science, N.Y. (1966).

Huheey J.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY, Harper and Row, N.Y. (2008).

Stone F.G.A. and Graham N.A.G.: INORGANIC POLYMERS, Academic, N.Y. (1996).

Crabtree R.H.: ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION METALS, John Wiley, 3^rd Ed. (2001).

Yamamoto A.:ORGANOTRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, John Wiley, (1986).

Mehrotra R.C. and Singh A.: ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY: A UNIFIED APPROACH, 2^nd Ed., New Age International (2016).

GreenwoodN.N. and Earnshaw A.: CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS, Pergamon (1985).

 

Course Number: CHM502, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: PRINCIPLES OF REACTION MECHANISM                                    [10 pds]

Energy considerations, rate of reaction, transition state theory, reaction with less stable and more stable intermediates, mechanism of catalysis reaction intermediates, stability of carbonium ion, carbanion and free radicals, methods of metermination of reaction mechanims, product analysis, crossover experiments, isotopic labelling an isotopic effects, determination of presence of intermediates.

UNIT 2: SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS                                                                                    [10 pds]

Nucleophilic substitution, mechanisms of unimolecular nucleophillic subsitution (SN₁), bimolecular substitution (SN₂),  nucleophillic substitution internal (SNi), neighbouring group participation, factors affecting nucleophillic substitution, electrophillic substitution, mechanistic treatment, effect of substituents on electrophillic substitution. Free radical substitution at sp² and sp³ carbon atom.

UNIT 3: ADDITION REACTIONS                                                                 [12 pds]

Addition reactions - electrophile, nucleophile and free radicals based, Regio and chemi selectivity, hydrogenation of double and triple bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings, Hydroboration, Miachel reaction, Sharp less asymmetric exposition, Hydrolysis of ester and amides and aminolysis of esters.

UNIT 4: ELIMINATION REACTIONS                                                                   [12 pds]

Elimination reactions - classification, alpha and beta elimination, unimolecular elimination of reactions (E₁), bimolecular reaction (E₂), eliminations via conjugate base (E₁CB), factors affecting elimination reactions, Hofmann and Saytzeff rule of orientation in eliminations, stereochemistry of eliminations.

UNIT 5: STEREOCHEMISTRY                                                                                                                                                                         [10 pds]

Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins, elements of symmetry, chirality, R-S constrains, molecules with more than one chiral centre, threo and erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity, enantiotropic and diasterotopic atoms, groups and faces, Octant rule and axial halo ketone rule

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Ingold: STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Bell and sons, N.Y. (1969).

Gould: MECHANISM & STRUCTURE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Rinhart & Winstone Publishing House (2007).

Sykes P.: GUIDE BOOK TO MECHANISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS, Longmans, U.K. (2003).

Aggrawal O.P.: REACTION AND REAGENTS, GOYAL PUBLISHING HOUSe, Meerut (2007).

Mukherji S.M.: TEXTBOOK OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol. I, S. Chand and Co., New Delhi (2017).

Kalsi P.S.: STEREOCHEMISTRY‑ CONFORMATION AND MECHANISM, Wiley Eastern Ltd. (2006).

Eliel: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS, McGraw Hill (2001).

FinarI.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol. I, ELBS, Longmans Group, Essex, U.K. (2006).

Morrison R.T., Boyd R.N. and Bhattacharjee S.K.:ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 7^th Ed., Pearson Education India (2010).

Smith M.: ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, 3^rd ed., Academic Press (2011).

Bruckner R.: Organic Mechanism (edited by Harmata M.), Springer (2010).
Course Number: CHM503, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS                      [12 pds]

Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic probability, relation between entropy and thermodynamic probability, partition function, Boltzman's distribution equation, translational, rotational and vibrational partition functions, thermodynamic properties from partition functions, comparison of third law entropies and statistical entropies.

UNIT 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY                                                               [14 pds]

Activity and activity coefficients: Concept, different forms of activity coefficients, relation between them, determination by solubility and E.M.F. method, Arrhenius and Debye‑Huckel limiting equation for activity coefficients. Onsagar equation, electrical double layer, origin of electrode potentials, concentration cells, liquid junction potentials, Henderson's equation.

UNIT 3: SPECTROSCOPY I                                                                      [9 pds]

Electromagnetic radiation, the quantization of different forms of energies in molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic):Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules, various types of spectra, Born Oppenheimer approximation.

Rigid rotator model, rotational spectra, intensity of spectral lines and determination of bond distance of diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution.

Classical equation of vibration (Hooke's law), Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zero point energy evaluation of force constant and stiffness of the bond. Anharmonicity, potential, Dissociation energies, Fundamental frequencies overtones, hot bands, degree of freedom of polyatomic molecules, concept of group frequencies, vibration‑rotation spectra, diatomic vibrating rotator, P,Q,R, branches.

UNIT 4: SPECTROSCOPY II                                                                    [9 pds]

Frank Condon Principle, Electronic transitions, singlet and triplet states, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, dissociation and predissociation, Calculation of electronic transition of polyenes using free electron model (particle in a box).

Raman effect, rotational Raman spectra, vibrational Raman spectra, stokes and anti‑stokes lines and their intensity differences, Rule of mutual exclusion.

UNIT 5: SPECTROSCOPY III                                                                   [8 pds]

NMR SPECTRA: Its principle, intensities of NMR signals, Larmor precession, chemical shift and low resolution spectra and scales, spin‑spin coupling and high resolution spectra. Interpretation of NMR spectra of A‑X type of organic molecules.

ESR SPECTRA: Its principles, hyperfine structures, ESR of simple radicals (benzoquinone radical anion).

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Glasstone S.: THERMODYNAMICS FOR CHEMISTS, Macmillan (2008)..

Hill T.L.: STATISTICAL MECHANICS: PRINCIPLES AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS, Dover Publications Inc., New York (1987).

Landau L.D. & Lifshitz I.M.: STATISTICAL PHYSICS, Vol. V, Part 1, 3^rd Ed., Pergamon Press (1980).

McQuarrie D.A.: STATISTICAL MECHANICS, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2003).

Nash L.K.: ELEMENTS OF STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS, 2^nd Ed., Addison Wesley (1974).

Bard A.J. and Faulkner L.R.:ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS, 2^nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (2002).

Bockris J.O’M & Reddy A.K.N.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1: IONICS, 2^nd Ed. Springer (1998).

Bockris J.O’M & Reddy A.K.N.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2B: ELECTRODICS IN CHEMISTRY, Engineering, Biology and Environmental Science, 2^nd Ed., Springer (2001).

Bockris J.O’ M, Reddy A.K.N. & Gamboa -Aldeco M.E.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2A: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRODICS, 2^nd Ed., Springer (2001).

Crow D.R.: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Chapman and Hall, London (1994).

Reiger P.H.: ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Prentice Hall International (1987).

Brett C.M.A. & Brett A.M.O.: ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Oxford University Press (1993).

Koryta J., Dvorak J. & Kavan L.: PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1993).

Barrow G.M.: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill (1962).

Banwell C.N.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, N.Y. (1972).

Dyer J.R.: APPLICATION OF ABSORPTION SSPECTROSCOPY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (1978).

Silverstein: SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES, (1991).

Brand J.C.D. & Speakman J.C.: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: THE PHYSICAL APPROACH, 2^nd Ed., Edward Arnold, London (1975).

Chang R.: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, New York (1971).

Harris D.C. & Bertolucci M.D.:SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL AND ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Dover Publications, New York (1990).

Hollas J.M.: MODERN SPECTROSCOPY, 4^th Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2004).

Kakkar R.: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, Cambridge University Press (2015).

Course Number: CHM504, Course Title: BIOLOGY FOR CHEMISTS

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS                                             [10 pds]

Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, intracellular organelles and their functions, comparison of plant and animal cells. Overview of metabolic processes-catabolism and anabolism.

UNIT 2                                                                                              [10 pds]

A. CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates of physiologic significance. Carbohydrate metabolism- Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, glycogeneis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway. Biological importance of carbohydrates.

B. LIPIDS

Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, fats, oils and waxes, steroids and sterols. Biological importance of lipids.

UNIT 3: PROTEINS AND ENZYMES                                                          [10 pds]

Protein structure. Protein structure related to function.  Biological importance of proteins. Introduction  to  enzymes, factors  affecting  enzyme activity. Enzyme kinetics and inhibition.

UNIT 4: NUCLEIC ACIDS                                                                       [10 pds]

Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, base pairing via hydrogen bonding. Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it. The chemical basis of heredity, an overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code.

UNIT 5: PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES                                                    [12 pds]

A brief introduction of physiological processes of digestion & absorption, respiration, excretion and osmoregulation blood and its circulation.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Lehninger A.L.: PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Worth Publishers, 6^th Ed., (2004).

Stryer L.: BIOCHEMISTRY, W.H. Freeman, 5^th Ed., (2002).

David R.J.: BIOCHEMISTRY, Neil Patterson Publishers, (2008). 

Voet and Voet: BIOCHEMISTRY, John Wiley, (2009).

ConnE.E. and Stump P.K.: OUTLINES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, John Wiley, (2008).

Course Number: CHM505, Course Title: BASIC MATHEMATICS

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2000-01

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1                                                                                              [10 pds]

Quadratic functions, equations, nature of root, relation between roots and coefficients, Complex numbers, their equality, sum, product, quotient and absolute values, geometrical representation. Permutation and Combination. Simple problems on permutation and combination. Binomial theorem. Applications of the Binomial theorem.

UNIT 2                                                                                             [10 pds]

Introduction to matrices, operations on matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrices. Determinants. Vector as a physical quantity and its abstract form, operations of addition, subtraction, Dot and Cross products.

UNIT 3                                                                                              [10 pds]

Cartesian and polar coordinates, Equations of first and second degree: Introduction. Standard form of an equation of straight line, elementary idea of cylinderical and spherical coordinate systems.

UNIT 4                                                                                             [10 pds]

Differential Calculus: Elementary idea of limit and continuity, rules of differentiation, higher order differentiations, maxima and minima of functions of one variable, partial differentiation, applications to chemistry.

UNIT 5                                                                                              [12 pds]

Integral Calculus: Integration, substitution method and integration by parts, application to determination of area and volume, solutions of first degree and first order differential equations.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Brooks C.J., Bettley I.G. & Loxoston S.M.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS, John Wiley & Sons. (1979)

Lugani R.S., Minocha M.L. & Devasundram S.: A TEXTBOOK OF MATHEMATICS, Oxford Univ. Press, 1979.

McQuarrie D. A.: MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, University Science Books (2008).

Mortimer R.: MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Ed., Elsevier (2005).

Steiner E.: THE CHEMICAL MATHS BOOK, Oxford University Press (1996).

Yates P.: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS, 2^nd Ed., CRC Press (2007).

 

Course Number: CHM506, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2005-06

Total Credits: 9, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:18(L-0+T-0+P/S-18), Min. pd./sem.: 234

 

1. Analysis: Two Component systems (i) Analysis of Cu and Zn: Cu as cuprous thiocyanate and Zn as Zn‑EDTA complex (ii) Analysis of Fe and Ni: Volumetric estimation of Fe against K₂Cr₂O₇ and Ni as Ni‑EDTA complex after masking Fe²⁺.
2. Conductometry: (i) Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salt (ii) Determination of dissociation constant of weak electrolytes (iii) Verification of Onsanger equation (iv) Verification of Kohlrausch Law (v) Determination of basicity of organic acids (vi) Conductometric titrations: Acid-Base, Precipitation, Mixture of acids (vii) Potentiometry: (a) Potentiometric titrations: Acid-Base, Redox and Precipitation (b) Determination of pH and solubility

Construction of Phase diagrams: Two and three component systems.

1. Qualitative functional group analysis, separation of compounds from organic mixtures and confirmation by derivative formation.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. and Denney R.C.: VOGEL'S TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 5^th Ed.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1989).

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2016).

Gurtu J.N. and Kapoor R.: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY (ORGANIC), S. Chand and Co. (1987).

Khosla B.D.: Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Company (2008). 

 

 

Course Number: CHM601, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1 & UNIT 2: INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM                             [20 pds]

(a) Substitution reactions of Inner Transition Metal Complexes: Substitution reactions of transition metal complexes with coordination number IV - Pt(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) Complexes Substitution reactions of coordination number VI, complexes of Cr(III), Co(III), Ru III) and Rh(III).

(b) Electron transfer reactions: Mechanism of outer and inner sphere electron transfer reactions. Theories of electron transfer (in general) and Marcus and Hush model (in detail).

(c) Molecular Rearrangements, intramolecular exchange and isomerization reactions of organometallic compounds. Redox reactions Between Metal Complexes, Discussion of experimental data of some of the redox reactions of Ti(III), Cr(II) and Cr(III), Fe(II), Co(II), Mo(IV) and Mo(V), Ru(II) and Ru(III), Eu(II).

UNIT 3: NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENTS                                                       [10 pds]

The coordination model of solute-solvent interaction in polar, protic and aprotic solvents (liquid HCN, fluoro-sulphuric acid, N₂O₄, arsenic trihalides, amides, substituted amides and oxychlorides such as POCl₃).

UNIT 4: CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS                                     [12 pds]

Study of the following types of compounds: Carboranes, Carbides, Borides, Oxides, Nitrides and Sulphides, Glasses and other ceramic materials.

UNIT 5: ISOPOLY AND HETEROPOLY ACIDS                                            [10 pds]

Isopoly and heteropoly acids of Mo, W, and V, Cr.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Lee J.D.: A NEW CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Low Price edition, ELBS (2008).

Cotton F.A., Wilkinson G., Gaus P.L.: BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Ed., Wiley Inter science (2014).

Huheey J.G.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY, HarperCollins College Publishers, N.Y. (2006).

Shriver D.F. and Atkins P.W.: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 5^th  Edition (2010), ELBS, London.

 

Course Number: CHM602, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: CARBOHYDRATES                                                                   [10 pds]

Conformational analysis of monosaccharides, Glycosides, Structure and stereochemistry of disaccharides, maltose and lactose, Polysaccharides, Starch and cellulose.

UNIT 2: TERPENOIDS                                                                          [10 pds]

Introductory aspects, classification of terpenes, method of isolation of essential oils, isoprene rule, analytical and synthetically evidences in support of the structure of citral , terpenol and camphor.

UNIT 3: ALKALOIDS AND FLAVONOIDS                                                    [10pds]

Introductory aspects, classification, Manske method of isolation of alkaloids, physiological Properties of alkaloids, Hofmann-exhaustive methylation, EMDE and VAN BRAUN methods of degradation of alkaloids and involving secondary and tertiary amines, analytical and synthetical evidences in support of the structure of Nicotine, Atropine and Quinine.

General description, classification, structure and Synthesis of Flavones, Flavanols and Isoflavones, Analytical and Synthetical evidences in support of the structure of Quercetin.

UNIT 4: STEROIDS AND STEROIDAL HORMONES                                                     [10 pds]

General Description, classification, method of isolation, analytical evidences in support of the structure of Cholesterol with reference to structure of ring [A,B,C,D], positions of the hydroxyl group, angular methyl groups, side chain etc. Pharmacological importance of steroids, Interoductory aspects of steroid hormones (Androsterone, Testosterone, Progestrone).

UNIT 5: AMINO ACIDSAND PROTEIN                                                    [12 pds]

Classification structure and stereochemistry of amino acids, acid base behavior, isolelectric point and electrophoresis, preparation and reactions of alpha amino acids, structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins, classification of proteins, peptide structure determination, end group analysis, selective hydrolysis of peptides and proteins, level of protein structure, protein denaturation.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Agarwal O.P.: CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, Vol. I, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (2006).

Mukherjee S.M.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. II, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (2018).

Finar I.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. II, ELBS, Longmans Group, Essex, U.K. (1975).

Pinder A.R.: THE CHEMISTRY OF TERPENES, Chapman and Hall, U.K. (1960).

Fieser L.F. and Fieser M.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 6^th  Ed., Reinhold Publication Group (1973).

Course Number: CHM603, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-2011

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: CHEMICAL KINETICS                                                                                              [14 pds]

Simple collision theory: Mechanism of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. Kinetics of reaction in solutions: salt effect, effect of pressure and dielectric constant on reaction rates. Kinetics of heterogeneous reaction: Langmuir's theory of unimolecular and bimolecular surface reactions.

Fast reactions: Study by stop flow technique, relaxation method, flash photolysis, magnetic resonance method. Absolute reaction rate theory.

UNIT 2 : QUANTUM CHEMISTRY - I                                                                                        [8 pds]

Application of Schrodinger equation to the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotator, the hydrogen and hydrogen like atoms, wave functions and orbital diagrams.

UNIT 3: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY- II                                                                                       [11pds]   

Approximate methods in quantum mechanics: Perturbation and variation principle, application of variation methods and perturbation theory to the Helium atom.

Electron configuration, Russell-Saunders Terms and Coupling schemes, Slater-Condon parameters, Zeeman splitting, the method of self consistent field, the virial theorem.

UNIT 4: MOLECULAR SYMMETRY                                                                                          [10 pds]

The defining properties of a Group, some examples, subgroups, classes. Molecular symmetry, symmetry elements, operations, products of symmetry operations, equivalent symmetry elements and equivalent atoms, general relations among symmetry elements and operations.

UNIT 5: THE POINT GROUPS                                                                                                 [9pds]

The symmetry point groups, symmetries with multiple high order axes, systematic procedure for symmetry classification of molecules, classes of symmetry operations. Properties of matrices and vectors, representations of groups, consequences of the Great Orthogonality theorem, character tables. Wave functions as bases for Irreducible representations, symmetry-adapted Linear Combinations.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Laidler K.J.: CHEMICAL KINETICS, 3^rd Ed., Benjamin Cummings (1997).

Bensen S.W.: THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Mogama Hill, N.Y. (1982).                         

Bradley J.N.:  FAST REACTIONS, ClarendonPress, Oxford (1975).

LevineI.L.: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey (2000).

Lowe J.P. & Peterson K.:QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Academic Press (2005).

McQuarrie D.A.: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2003).

Pilar F.L.: Elementary QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 2^nd Ed., Dover Publication Inc., N.Y. (2001).

Pauling L. and Wilson E.B.: INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS, McGraw Hill (1985).

Bishop D.M.: GROUP THEORY AND CHEMISTRY, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K. (1993).

Cotton F.A.:CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF GROUP THEORY, 3^rd Ed.,(2008).

Douglas B.E. & Hollingsworth C.A.:SYMMETRY IN BONDING AND SPECTRA, Academic Press (1985).

Harris D.C. & Bertolucci M.D.: SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY,Dover Publication Inc., (1978).

Jaffe H.H. and Orchin M.: SYMMETRY IN CHEMISTRY, Wiley, N.Y. (2002).

Rakshit P.C.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Revised and Enlarged, 7^th Edition, Sarat Book House (2014)

Chandra A.K.: INTRODUCTORY TO QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 4^th Ed., McGraw Hill Education (2009).

Course Number: CHM604, Course Title: NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES

Class: B.Sc.Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2014-15

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min. pd./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: BASIC STATISTICS I                                                                [10 pds]

Statistics- Meaning, scope, characteristics, advantages, importance, usefulness and limitations. Frequency distribution- Characteristics of frequency distribution, graphical and diagrammatic representation of frequency data. Types of errors which affect an experimental result; Accuracy and Precision; Minimization of errors. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean- arithmetic, geometric and harmonic; Median- partition values; Mode. Measurement of Dispersion: Range, Mean Deviation about mean; Mean deviation about median; Mean deviation about mode; Standard deviation; ANOVA.

UNIT 2: BASIC STATISTICS II                                                                [6 pds]

Correlation and Regression- Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation; Rank correlation; Linear regression; Curve of regression; Lines of regression; properties of regression coefficients.

UNIT 3: BASIC STATISTICS III                                                             [10 pds]

Elementary theory of testing of hypothesis; Null and alternative hypothesis; Critical region and region of acceptance; Procedure of testing of hypothesis; Type I and Type II errors; Level of significance; Power of test; Degree of freedom. Test of significance based on Chi-Square and t tests.

UNIT 4: ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING                                  [10 pds]

Flow-charts and Use of Excel, SPSS and other mathematical packages like MathCAD, Mathematica, Sigma-plot, etc. 

UNIT 5: COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL COMPUTATIONS                            [16 pds]

Roots of equations

Solution of quadratic equation, for H⁺ ion concentration, strong acid-base titrations.

Roots of cubic equations- weak mono protic acid, Van der waals equation

Curve Fitting

Fitting of linear equations, its application to first order rate equations, Beer’s law, Hammett Equation

Linearising transformations- exponential functions like dependence of rate constant on activation energy, measurement of rates of a reaction as a function of temperature

Hyperbolic functions like enzyme catalytic equations (Michalis- Menten equation, Lineweaver –Burk plot, Eadie-Hofstee plot

Multiple linear regression-application to Taft equation, Hansch Model

Introduction to applications of Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis to Chemical Problems

 

SUGGESTED READINGS

Levin R.I. and Rubin D.S.: STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT, Prentice Hall of India (1999).

Gupta C.B. and Gupta V.: AN INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL METHODS, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. (2001).

Agarwal B.L.: BASIC STATISTICS, New Age International Publishers (2009).

Rao R.S., Rao G.N.: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY, Himalaya Publishing House (2005).

Kumar A.: COMPUTERS IN MODERN CHEMISTRY, Sarup and Sons (1999).

Jurs P.C.: COMPUTER SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY, Wiley Inter Science Publication, 2^nd Edition (1996).

 

Course Number: CHM605, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 9, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 18(L-0+T-0+P/S-18), Minimum pds./Sem.: 234

 

1.Preparations and Estimations (any four):

    (i)    Preparation of Cis- Potassium di oxalato di aquo chromate III and estimation of Cr.

    (ii)    Preparation of K₃[Cr(C₂O₄)₃] and estimation of Cr and Oxalate.

    (iii)   Preparation of tris thiourea Cu (I) Sulphate and estimation of copper.

    (iv)   Preparation and estimation of K₂MnO₄.

(v)  Preparation of Penta ammine Chloro Cobalt (III) Chloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2. (vi)  Preparation of Cis- & Trans- DiChloro Bis (Ethylenediamine) Cobalt (III) Chloride          [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl. (vii) Preparation of Tetra ammine Copper (II) Sulphate monohydrate [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O.     (viii) Synthesis of Hexa ammine Cobalt (III) Chloride. [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. (ix)  Solid Phase Synthesis of Trans-Bis Glycinato Copper (II). [Cu(Gly)2]

2. Chemical Kinetics:

    (i)    Kinetic Study of hydrolysis of an ester in presence of HCl.

    (ii)    Comparison of the strengths of HCl and H₂SO₄ from salt hydrolysis kinetic studies.

    (iii)   Kinetics of reaction between K₂S₂O₈ and Kl.

    (iv)   Kinetic study of the reaction between acetone and iodine in presence of acids.

(v)   Optical Measurements: (a) Determination of composition of binary mixture containing potassium dichromate and potassium permangnate (b) Determination of phosphate concentration in soft drinks (c) Spectrophotometric titrations.

3  (i)    Estimation of functional groups: Hydroxyl and Amino group. (Titrimetrically).

    (ii)   Estimations of Carbohydrates, protein, amino acids and  fats (Colorimetrically).

(iii) Estimation of Ascorbic acid (Titrimetrically)

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2016).

Giri S., Bajpai D.N. and Pandey O.P.: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1983).

Woollins J.D.: INORGANIC EXPERIMENTS, VCH, Weinheim (1994).

VOGELS TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 6^th Edition (2002).

 

 

Course Number: CHM701, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2001-02

Total Credits 3.5 Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum periods per semester 52

 

UNIT 1 & UNIT 2: ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND BONDING MODELS OF SOLIDS                                                                                             [24 pds]

(a) Bonding models of solids, materials with incomplete inner electron shells.

(b) Electrical properties of solids, Classical free electron gas model, Quantum mechanical free electron gas, band theory of solids, conductors, semiconductors and insulators, role of impurities, energy bands and molecular orbitals, super conductivity, electrical conductivity measurements, Seebeck and Hall effect, ionic conductance. Introduction of Ferro electricity and Piezo electric effect.

(c) Magnetic properties: Introduction to magnetic dipole with magnetic field, origin of magnetism, angular momentum and dipole moments, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, diamagnetism, magnetic measurements.

UNIT 3 & UNIT 4: REPRESENTATIVE COVALENT AND IONIC STRUCTURES   [28 pds]

(a) Representative covalent and ionic structures including:

(i) Sphalerite and wurtzite,

(ii) NaCl and NiAs,

(iii) CdCl₂ and CdI₂ and

(iv) Fluorite and antifluorite and difference between them.

(b)(i) Rutile structure with fractional coordinates of various atoms, space groups and coordination of atoms.

(ii) Perovskite (CaTiO₃) structure. Different unit cells to show the coordination of Ca, Ti and O.

(c) Spinels‑packing in different site and their coordinations, site occupancy on site preference energies, application of charge neutrality principle and derivative structures, inverse spinel. Distorted spinels‑hausmannite (Jahn‑Teller Distortion). Factors causing distortion in spinels.

UNIT 5: CRYSTAL DEFECTS

(a) Point defects in alkali halides and silver halides, effects of doping cadmium halides. Dislocation, boundary linkage and staking faults‑definition and explanation of meaning.

(b) Influence of defects on density, X‑ray pattern, electrical conductance. Non‑stoichiometry w.r.t. rutile ZnO, NiO and FeO.

 

SUGGESTED READING:

Weller P.F.: SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY, Vol. I and II. (1973).

Keer H.V.: PRINCIPLES OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY, Wiley Eastern Ltd., (1993). 

Kittel C.: INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS, 8th Ed., (2005).

Reddy K.V.: SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULES, 2^nd Ed., New Age Science Ltd., (2009).

Dutta R.L. and Syamal A.: ELEMENTS OF MAGNETOCHEMISTRY, East-West Press (1993).

Wells A.F.: STRUCTURAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 3^rd Ed., Oxford Clarendon Press (1985).

 

 

Course Number: CHM702, Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2013-14

Total Credits 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum periods per semester 52

 

UNIT 1: CONFORMATIONAL, STERIC AND STEREOELECTRONIC EFFECTS                                                                                                                                            [10 pds]

Various types of steric strain and their influence on reactivity, steric acceleration, conformations of acyclic molecules, conformations of cyclohexane derivatives, carbocyclic rings conformational equilibria, the anomeric effect, conformational effects on reactivity, angle strain and its effect on reactivity, relationship between ring size and rate of cyclization, torsional and stereoelectronic effects on reactivity, Winstein-Holness and Curtin-Hammett principle.

UNIT 2: ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS                                                                                         [10 pds]

Introduction, Nomenclature, Classification, synthesis, properties, stability, Baeyer strain theory (Puckered and strain less rings), medium ring compounds, naturally occurring large ring compounds viz., Civeton and Muscone.

UNIT 3: STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY                                                                                 [10 pds]

Linear free energy relationship, Hammett equation, substituent constant, Reaction constant and their physical significance. Through conjugation and modified Hammett constants. Uses and calculation of Hammett‑ equation, Steric effects, steric parameters and Taft equation.

UNIT 4: PERICYCLIC REACTIONS                                                                                         [12 pds]

Cyclo addition reactions (Diel's Alder reaction), 2,2 and 4,2 electron system, Electrocyclic reaction 4n and 4n+2 systems, Sigmatropic reactions (e.g. Cope, Claisen, Sommelet‑Gauses rearrangements and Fischer‑Indole synthesis), 3,3 shifts, 5,5 shifts and 1,3 shifts. Stereochemistry of sigmatropic reactions and Rules.

UNIT 5: MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT                                                                                [10 pds]

Classification and general mechanistic treatments of nucleophilic, electrophilic and free radical molecular rearrangements. Multistep Organic synthesis involving molecular rearrangements: Wagner-Meerwin, Pinacol‑ Pinacolone, Benzilic acid, Hofmann, Schmidt, Curtius, Beckmann, Allylic rearrangement, Baeyer‑Villiger Hofmann Martius, Benzidine and Wittig rearrangements.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Agrawal O.P.: REACTION AND REAGENTS, Goyal Publishing House, Meerut (2007).

FinarI.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol., I, ELBS, Longmans Group, Essex, U.K. (2006).

Mukherjee S.M.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, S Chand & Co., New Delhi (1995).

Sykes P.: GUIDE BOOK TO MECHANISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS, Longmans, U.K. (2003).

 

Course Number: CHM703, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester: 52

 

UNIT 1: CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS                                                    [8 pds]

Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic probability, relation between entropy and thermodynamic probability. Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity.

UNIT 2: STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS                                               [14 pds]

Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable distribution. Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand canonical and micro-canonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers).

Partition functions- translational, rotational, irrational and electronic partition functions, calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of partition functions. Application of partition functions.

Heat capacity behavior of solids, chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant in terms of partition functions, Fermi-Dirac statistics, distribution law and application to metal. Bose – Einstein statistics – distribution law and application to helium.

UNIT 3: NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS                                       [10 pds]

Thermodynamic criteria for non – equilibrium states, entropy production and entropy floe, entropy balance equations for different irreversible processes (e.g. heat flow, chemical reaction etc. transformation of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibrium stationary states, phenomenological equations, microscopic reversibility and Onsager’s reciprocity relations, electro-kinetic phenomena, diffusion, electric conduction, irreversible thermodynamics for biological systems, coupled reactions.

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL DYNAMICS – I                                                          [10 pds]

Kinetics of reactions in solutions: salt effect, effect of pressure and dielectric constant on reaction rates. Methods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor, activated complex theory, Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory, steady state kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions, unimolecular reactions, dynamics of unimolecular reactions (Lindemann – Hinshelwood and Rice – Ramsperger-Kassel Marcus(RRKM) theories of unimolecular reactions.

UNIT 5: CHEMICAL DYNAMICS –II                                                          [10 pds]

Dynamic Chain (Hydrogen – Bromine reaction, Pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane), photochemical         (hydrogen – bromine and hydrogen – chlorine reaction) and oscillatory reactions (Belousov – Zhabotinsky reaction), homogeneous catalysis, kinetics of enzyme reactions, general features of fast reactions, study of fast reactions by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis and nuclear magnetic resonance method. Dynamics of molecular motions, probing the transition states, dynamics of barrier-less chemical reactions in solutions.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Atkins P.W.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, ELBS. (2009).

Laidler K.J.: CHEMICAL KINETICS, McGraw Hill (1965).

Rajaraman J. and Kuriacose J.C.: KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS, Macmillan Publishers India Limited (2000).

Glasstone S.: CLASSICAL THEORY OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, McMillan (2008).

Hill T.L.: AN INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL MECHANICS. Addison Wesley (1987).

Benson S.W.: THE FOUNDATION OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Mogama Hill, N.Y. (1982).

Bradley J.N.: FAST REACTIONS, Clarendon Press (1975).

Agrawal G.L.: BASIC CHEMICAL KINETICS, (1990).

Course Number: CHM704, Course Title: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2011-12

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester: 52

 

UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL METHODS AND DATA HANDLING                             [10 pds]

General recapitulation of basics of statistics viz precision standard deviation, accuracy, absolute error, relative error. Basic Concept: Testing of significance based on  band t-test and Analysis of variance. Design of experiments: Introduction, Planning of experiments, Definition of design of experiments, Basic principles of field experiments, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Block design (RBD), latin Square design (LSD).

UNIT 2: THERMAL AND NUCLEAR METHODS                                                                          [10 pds]

Thermo-gravimetric methods, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, enthalpimetric methods. Nuclear techniques, isotopic dilution techniques, radiometric titrations, radiometric chromatography, sub-stoichiometric analysis, activation analysis.

UNIT 3: ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS                                                                                   [12 pds]

Potentiometric methods: direct potentiometric measurements and titrations. Ion selective electrodes. Coulometric methods: potentiostatic and coulometric titrations. Voltammetry: theory of voltammetry, modified voltammetric methods, cyclic voltammetry, anodic stripping voltammetry and applications. Amperometric titrations. Conductometric methods: conductometric titrations and applications. 

UNIT 4: CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS                                                                                [12 pds]

Basic principle of separation, classification of chromatographic techniques, plate theory of chromatography, counter current separation, sorption isotherm, hydrogen bonding and chromatographic separation, gas chromatography, column and detectors, resolution, column efficiency, Van Dee Meter equation, temperature programming, high performance liquid chromatography, gradient elution and mobile phase.                 

UNIT 5: EMISSION &  ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS                                            [8 pds]

Nebulization, Flames and flame temperatures, Interferences, flame spectrometric techniques, spectroscopic sources, atomic emission, photoelectric detection, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Absorption of Characteristic radiation. Instrumentation, Sample Vaporization, Quantitative measurements and interferences.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Harris D.C.: QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, W. H. Freeman & Co.,6^th Ed. (2002).

Skoog D.A., West D.M. and Holler F.J.: FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Fort Worth, Saunders College Pub., 7^th Ed. (1996).

Skoog, Holler and Nieman:PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS, Saunders College Publishing, 5^6h Ed., (2014).

Christian G.D.: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, John Wiley, (2003).

Hargis L.G.: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, Prentice Hall, (1988).

Skoog D.K., Loary J.L. and Saunders W.B.: PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, (1996).

Settle F.: HANDBOOK OF INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Prentice Hall. Chromatography, Ledrer, (1998).

Willard H.H.: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS, 7^th Ed., (1988).

Ewing G.W.: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, McGraw Hills, New York (1988).

 

Course Number: CHM705, Course Title: SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2010-2011

Total credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester 52

 

UNIT 1: UNIFYING PRINCIPLES                                                              [10 pds]   

Electromagnetic Radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter-absorption, emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarization and scattering. Uncertainty relation, natural line width and natural line broadening, transition probability, results of the time dependent perturbation theory, transition moment, selection rules, intensity of spectral lines, Born – Oppenheimer approximation, rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels.

UNIT 2: MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY                                                      [8 pds]

Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model, effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies, intensities, non–rigid rotor, Stark effect, nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of external field.

UNIT 3: VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY                                                   [14 pds]

A: Infrared Spectroscopy

Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strengths; anharmonicity, Morse potential energy diagram, vibrational – rotational spectroscopy, P Q R branches. Breakdown of Oppenheimer diagram, vibrations of polyatomic molecules. selection rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the band positions and intensities, far-IR region, metal – ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis.

B. Raman Spectroscopy

Classical and quantum theories of Raman Effect. Pure rotational, virational and vibrational – rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion principle. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, coherent antistokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)

UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY                                                    [10 pds]

A. Atomic Spectroscopy

Energies of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and vector coupling, spectra of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atom.

B. Molecular Spectroscopy

Energy levels, molecular orbitals, vibronic transitions, vibrational progressions and geometry of the excited states, Franck-Condon principle, electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules. Emission Spectra; radiative and non-radiative decay, internal conversion, spectra of transition metal complexes, charge-transfer spectra.

UNIT 5:  PHOTOELECTRON, PHOTOACOUSATIC AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY                                                                                  [10 pds]

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Basic principles; ionization process, Koopman’s theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical information from ESCA. Auger electron spectroscopy-basic idea.

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Basic principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), PAS-gases and condensed systems, chemical and surface applications.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy

Basic principles of photoluminescence spectroscopy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectra, instrumentation, and applications

 

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Barrow G.M.:INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill (1962).

Banwell C.N. and McCash E.M.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 4^th Ed. McGraw Hill (1994).

Brand J.C.D. and Speakman J.C.: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: THE PHYSICAL APPROACH, Edward Arnold, London, 2^nd Ed., (1975).

Chang R.: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, New York (1970).

Harris D.C. and Bertolucci M.D.:SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL AND ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Dover Publications, New York (1990).

Hollas J.M.: MODERN SPECTROSCOPY, John Wiley & Sons, 4^th Ed., (2004).

Ghosh P.K.: INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, John Wiley (1988).

Holls J.M.: MODERN SPECTROSCOPY, John Wiley (1988).

Windwi H. and Ho F.L.: APPLIED ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Wiley Inter Science (1990).

Drago R.S.: PHYSICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY, Saunders College (1992).

Barrow G.M.:INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, N.Y. (1962).

Chang R.: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, N.Y. (1990).

Jaffe H.H. and Orchin M.: THEORY AND APPLICATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPY, I.B.H., (1994).

Baker A.D. and Bettridge D.: PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO UVEPS: CHEMICAL AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS, Pergamon Press (1988).

Eland J.H.D.: PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO UPES IN GAS PHASE, (1999).

Lever A.B.P.: INORGANIC ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Elsevier, 2^nd Ed., (1984).

Kakkar R.: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, Cambridge University Press (2015).

Course Number: CHM706, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2020-21

Total Credits: 6.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 15(L-0+T-0+P/S-15), Minimum pds./semester: 195

 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Colorimetric estimations of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu etc. using spectrophotometry and AA spectroscopy (any two).

2. Estimation of chromium using certified standard materials colorimetrically

3. Estimation of Cd, Cr and Ni by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS

1. Separation of dyes using TLC method.

2. Separation of organic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol and pyrogallol) using TLC method

3. Monitoring of the progress of chemical reaction by TLC

4. Separation of amino acids using paper chromatography method

5. Separation of Anthracene from anthracene picrate using column chromatographic method

6. TLC and column separation of organic compounds (Ortho, meta & Para (nitro phenols and nitro   

    anilines).

7. Paper chromatographic separation of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺

8. Paper chromatographic separation of amino acids from coconut water.

9. Isolation and chromatographic separation of lycopene from tomatoes.

10. Isolation of piperine from pepper and its chromatographic characterization.

11. Isolation, chromatographic separation and estimation of Aspirin from market available drugs.

12. Isolation of ascorbic acid from fruit juices, its characterization and estimation.         

 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (Any five of the following)

1. A kinetic study of a solvolysis reaction‑solvolysis of t‑butyl chloride in acetone‑water mixture.
2. Effect of solvent medium on the rate of  solvolysis of t‑butylchloride.
3. Determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction,

KI + I₂ ↔KI₃, by distribution method.

1. Study the kinetics of base hydrolysis of ethyl acetate conductometrically and determine the rate constant and order of the reaction.
2. Study spectrophotometrically the kinetics of the decomposition of the complex formed by the interaction of sodium sulphide and sodium nitroprusside. Report the rate and order of the reaction.
3. Study spectrophotometrically the kinetics of the reaction between potassium per sulphate and potassium iodide and determine the order and rate constant of the reaction.
4. Determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction Ag (NH)₂⁺ ↔Ag⁺ + 2NH₃ potentiometrically.

8.  Perform pH-metric and potentiometric titration of phosphoric acid solution against standard NaOH solution. Compare the two results.

9.  “Preparation  and characterization of composites of plastics and bitumen.”

 

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2016).

Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. and Denney R.C.: VOGEL'S TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 5^th Ed.,   

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1989).

Sime R.J.: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: METHODS, TECHIQUES, AND EXPERIMENTS, Sounders College Publishing (1990).

 

 

 

Course Number: CHM801, Course Title: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2010-11

Total credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester: 52

 

UNIT 1: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF NOVEL INORGANIC COMPOUNDS[10 pds]

Introduction to supramolecular chemistry: Crown ethers, Crypltands and Cyclophanes, synthesis of compounds containing new or modified micro cyclic polydentate ligands as well as main group cage and ring compounds. Fullerenes: Methods of preparation and their chemical properties.

UNIT 2: METAL COMPLEX SENSITIZERS                                                    [8 pds]

Metal complex sensitizers, electron relay, metal colloid systems, Nitrogen fixation and carbon dioxide reduction.

UNIT 3: LASER CHEMISTRY                                                                   [14 pds]

Einstein’s equation of absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation with reference to lasers, induced emissions, stimulated emissions, laser action, population inversion, pump radiation, light amplification, properties of laser, single mode, CW and mode locked laser, Gas lasers, solid state lasers, Applications of laser to the study of chemical reactions.

UNIT 4: INORGANIC POLYMERS                                                             [12 pds]

Classification, Polymers containing B-O bonds, eg. Borates, polymer containing B-N bonds, e.g. silica, silicates and silicones, preparation, properties and their applications, polymers containing P-N bonds e.g. Phosphonitrylic Halides, their structure and bonding, polymers containing P-O bonds e.g. Condensed Phosphates, preparation, bonding and applications, polymers containing C-F bonds e.g. Fluoro Carbon, preparation, properties and applications.

UNIT 5: CHEMISTRY IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY                           [8 pds]

Particle size dependence of properties in solids, preparation methods, measurement of properties of nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, applications of nanomaterials.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Stone F.G.A. and Graham N.A.G.:INORGANIC POLYMERS, Academic, N.Y., (1990).

Lever A.B.P.:INORGANIC ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Elsevier (2006).

Lehn J.H.:SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY, VCH (1995).

Balzan V. and Carassite V.: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS, Academic Press (1998).

Yamamoto A.: ORGANOTRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, John Wiley (1986).

Ozin G.A., Arsenault A.C. and Cademartiri L.: NANOCHEMISTRY: A CHEMICAL APPROACH TO NANOMATERIALS (2009)

Sergeev G.B.: NANOCHEMISTRY, Elsevier, B.V. (2006).

Pradeep T.: NANO: THE ESSENTIALS, McGraw Hill Professional, 1st Ed., (2008)

                                                   

 

Course Number: CHM802, Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2014-15

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester: 52

 

UNIT 1: REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND NAME REACTIONS         [10 pds]

Reagents - Aluminiumisopropoxide, NBromosuccinimide, Lithium aluminium hydride, Boron trifluoride, Iodobenzoic acid, Wilkinson's Catalyst, Heck palladium catalyst, tetra N propylpemrthenate (TRAP based oxidation) Important name reaction – Swem Oxidation, Dess Martin periodinane, Tamao Fleming oxidation, Katsuki Jacobsen Epoxidation, Microbial Reactions (Pseudomonas putida)

UNIT 2: METHODS OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS[10 pds]  

Oxidation, Reduction and Cyclization approach of synthesis, Acidity of alpha hydrogen atom, Alkylation in organic synthesis, protection of groups, functional group interaction, disconnection approach, solute-solvent effect on productivity, chemo selectivity.

UNIT 3: GREEN SYNTHESIS                                                                                 [10 pds]

Clean production, end of pipe concept, concept of atom economy in synthesis, atom economy evaluation for reaction efficiency, Need, concept and principles of Green Chemistry, Concept of minimization of accessory reagents, designing of environmentally benign processes with high degree of conversion, enhancement of selectivity, improvement of yield, reduction in steps and side products neat reactions, dry media reactions, microwave assisted reactions, solvent free reactions, MORE reactions, ionic liquids.

UNIT 4: PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS                                 [10 pds]

Definition, mechanism of PTC reactions, types of PTC catalyst (tetra hexyl ammonium bromide, hexa decyl tributyl phosphomonium bromide, tetrahexyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate, tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride), advantages of PTC reactions, preparation (Quaternary salts and exchange of anions on quaternary salts), application of PTC (nitriles from alkyl halides, benzoyl cyanides from benzoyl chlorides, alkyl nitrates, thiocynates, cyanides from alkyl halides), Alkylations, Michel reactions, Wittig reactions etc.

UNIT 5: STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS                                  [10 pds]

Sterospecific and Steroselective synthesis, Control of Stereochemistry-Introduction, The Chiral Pool, Asymmetric Synthesis: Asymmetric Induction I-Reagent-Based Strategy, Asymmetric Induction II-Asymmetric Catalysis, Asymmetric Induction III-Substrate-Based Strategy (alkylboranes-9-BBN, oxaborolidine, Sharpless epoxidation, Salen, BINAL), Enzymes: Biological Methods in Asymmetric Synthesis (Baker’s yeast).

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Norman R.O.C. and Coxon J.M.: PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, Blackie Academic and professional (1994).

Carruthers W.: SOME MODERN METHODS OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, Cambridge University Press (1994).

FinarI.L.: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. II, ELBS, Longmans Group, Essex, U.K. (2007).

Mukherji S.M: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, S Chand & Co., New Delhi (2018).

Srivastava M.M. and Sanghi R.: CHEMISTRY FOR GREEN ENVIRONMENT, Alfa Science International, U.K. (2004)

Sanghi R. and Srivastava M.M.: GREEN CHEMISTRY: ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY TECHNIQUES, Narosa Publication House (2004).

Mason T.J. and Lorimer J.P.: SONOCHEMISTRY, THEORY, APPLICATION AND USES OF ULTRASOUND IN CHEMISTRY, Elis Horwood  Ltd., John Wiley (2000).

Smith M.: ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, 3^rd ed., Academic Press (2011).

Bruckner R.: Organic Mechanism (edited by Harmata M.), Springer (2010).

Course Number: CHM803, Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Class: M. Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Proposed from the session: 2010-11

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 minutes each)/week: 4, Minimum pds./sem.: 52

 

A- Quantum Chemistry

UNIT 1: APPROXIMATE METHODS                                                          [12 pds]

The variation theorem, linear variation principle, perturbation theory (first order and non degenerate). Application of variation method and perturbation theory to the helium atom. Angular Momentum: Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigen functions for angular momentum, eigen values of angular momentum, addition of angular momenta, spin, antisymmetry and Pauli’s exclusion principle

UNIT 2: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS                                           [10 pds]

Electronic configuration, Russell-Saunders Terms and Coupling Schemes, Slater-Condon parameters, term separation energies of the pⁿ configuration, term separation energies for the dⁿ configurations, magnetic effects: spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, introduction to the methods of self – consistent field, the Virial theorem

UNIT 3: GROUP THEORY AND QUANTUM CHEMISTRY                                 [12 pds]

Huckel theory of conjugated systems, bond order and charge density calculations, Applications to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical, cyclobutadiene etc. introduction to extended Huckel theory. Applications of group theory to covalent bond formation, hybridization and molecular vibrations.

B. Electrochemistry

UNIT 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY – I                                                           [10 pds]

Quantum aspects of charge transfer at electrode - solution interfaces, quantization of charge transfer, Butler-Volmer equation, tunneling, Semiconductor interfaces: theory of double layer at semiconductor- electrolyte solution interfaces, structure of double layer interfaces. Effect of light at semiconductor solution interface. Electrocatalysis – influence of various parameters. Hydrogen electrode.

UNIT 5: ELECTROCHEMISTRY – II                                                            [8 pds]

Bio-electrochemistry, threshold membrane phenomenon, Nernst- Planck equation, Hodgin- Huxley Theory, core conductor models, electrocardiography. Introduction to corrosion, homogenous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

LevineI.L.: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 5^th Ed., Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey (2000).

Lowe J.P. & Peterson K.:QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Academic Press (2005).

McQuarrie D.A.: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2003).

Pilar F.L.: ELEMENTARY QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 2^nd Ed., Dover Publication Inc., N.Y. (2001).

Bishop D.M.: GROUP THEORY AND CHEMISTRY, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K. (1973).

Cotton F.A.:CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF GROUP THEORY, 3^rd Ed., (2008).

Douglas B.E. & Hollingsworth C.A.:SYMMETRY IN BONDING AND SPECTRA, Academic Press (1985).

Harris D.C. & Bertolucci M.D.:SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY,Dover (1978).

Jaffe H.H.: SYMMETRY IN CHEMISTRY, Wiley (2002).

Raman K.V.: GROUP THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO CHEMISTRY, Tata McGraw Hill (1990).

Bard A.J., Faulkner L.R.:ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS, 2^nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (2002).

Bockris J.O’ M. & Reddy A.K.N.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1: IONICS, 2^nd Ed., Springer (1998).

Bockris J.O’ M. &  Reddy  A.K.N.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2B: ELECTRODICS IN CHEMISTRY, Engineering, Biology and Environmental Science, 2^nd Ed., Springer (2001).

Bockris J.O’ M, Reddy A.K.N. & Gamboa-Aldeco M.E.: MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2A: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRODICS, 2^nd Ed., Springer (2001).

Brett C.M.A. & Brett A.M.O.: ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Oxford University Press (1993).

Koryta J., Dvorak J. & Kavan L.: PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1993).

Gaur D.R.: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Chapmann and Hall

Reiger P.H.: ELECTROCHEMISTRY, Prentice hall (1994).

Kakkar R.: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, Cambridge University Press (2015)

House J.E.: FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Academic Press (2004).

 

 

Course Number: CHM804, Course Title: M.R., M.S. & D.T.

Class M.Sc., Status of the course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2010-11

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/ week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./semester: 52

 

UNIT 1: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY                        [12 pds]

Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurements, factors influencing chemical shift, deshielding, spin-spin interactions, factors influencing coupling constant ‘J’. Classification (ABX, AMX, ABC, A₂B₂ etc.), spin decoupling; basic ideas about instrument, NMR studies of nuclei other than proton – ¹³C, ¹⁹F, and ³¹P, use of NMR in medical diagnostics.

UNIT 2: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY                              [10 pds]

Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, factors affecting the ‘g’ value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants, spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and Mc Connell relationship, measurement techniques, applications.

UNIT 3: X-RAY DIFFRACTION                                                                [10 pds]

Bragg condition, Miller Indices, Laue method, Bragg Method, Debye-Scherrer method of X-Ray structural analysis of crystals, index reflections, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern. Structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem. Description of the procedure for an X-ray analysis, absolute configuration of molecules, Ramchandran diagram.

UNIT 4: ELECTRON & NEUTRON DIFFRACTION                                         [10 pds]                                         

A: Electron Diffraction

Scattering intensity vs. scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement technique, elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules. Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces.

B. Neutron Diffraction

Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids, magnetic scattering, measurement techniques, elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell.

UNIT 5: MASS SPECTROSCOPY                                                              [10 pds]

Principle, Instrumentation, ion production, ion analysis, ion abundance, types of mass spectrometer, resolution, sample handling, presentation of mass spectrum, isotopic analysis, determination of molecular formula, metastable ion peaks, common functional groups nitrogen rule, general fragmentation modes, simple cleavage, heterolytic cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement, Retro-diels-alder fragmentation, hydrogen transfer rearrangements, high resolution mass spectrometery, examples of mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Barrow G.M.:INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill (1962).

Banwell C.N. and McCash E.M.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, 4^th Ed., (2017).

Brand J.C.D. and Speakman J.C.: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: THE PHYSICAL APPROACH, Edward Arnold, London, 2^nd Ed., (1975).

Chang R.: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, New York (1970).

Harris D.C. and Bertolucci M.D.:SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL AND ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Dover Publications, New York (1990).

Hollas J.M.: MODERN SPECTROSCOPY, John Wiley & Sons, 4^th Ed., (2004).

Parish R.V.: NMR, NQR, EPR AND MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Ellis Harwood (1990).

Drago R.S.: PHYSICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY, Saunders College. (1996).

Carrington A. and Maclachelon A.D.:INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Harper & Row. (1997).

Ayscough P.B.: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, (1967).

Meni G.W.A.: MASS SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, Wiley Inter Science (1971).

Bacon G.E.: FIFTY YEARS OF NEUTRON DIFFRACTION HILGER, (1987).

WarrenB.E.: X-RAY DIFFRACTION, Dover Publications (1990).

Rymes T.B.: ELECTRON DIFFRACTION, Chapmann & Hall (1992).

Wooleson M.M.: AN INTRODUCTION TO X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Cambridge University Press (1981).

Silverstein R.M., Webster F.X. and Kiemel D.: SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES (2005).

 

 

Course Number: CHM805, Course Title: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session:  2011-12

Total Credits: 3.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT                                                       [8 pds]

Theoretical treatment of energy, energy – entropy – environment relationship, Energy Crisis, Entropy Pollution, Energy Conservation, Energy Protection, Synthetic Chemical Fuels, Hydrogen Economy, Concept of total energy utilization.

UNIT 2: HYDROSPHERE                                                                        [11 pds]

Chemical composition of water bodies- lakes, streams, rivers and wet lands etc. hydrological cycle. Aquatic pollution- inorganic, organic, pesticides, agricultural, industrial and sewage, detergents, oil spills and oil pollutants. Water quality parameters- dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, solids, and metals, content of chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and microorganisms. Water quality standards. Analytical methods for measuring BOD, DO, COD, F, Oils, metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se etc.), residual chloride and chlorine demand.

UNIT 3: ATMOSPHERE                                                                          [11 pds]

Chemical composition of atmosphere- particles, ions and radicals and their formation. Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere, smog formation, oxides of N, C, S, O and their effect, green house gases: their sources and sinks, climate chemistry of stratospheric ozone, ozone hole and repairing, acid deposition, Organic aerosols, Air pollution control, Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants, continuous monitoring instruments.

UNIT 4: LITHOSPHERE                                                                         [11 pds]

Soils: Classification of soil, Compositions and characteristics of soil, principle and mechanism of soil erosion, soil contamination with pesticide and fertilizer.

Toxic metals: overview of pollutants in water with special reference to toxic metals, essential and nonessential metals, concept of toxicity, environmental sources, environmental concentrations, Government standard and guideline, health effects of metals like Cadmium, Chromium, Lead and Mercury. Chemical speciation and general methods of removal of toxic metals.

UNIT 5: MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER POLLUTANTS             [11 pds]

Methods of monitoring, effluent standard, waste water treatment, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment, advanced treatment, sludge treatment.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Manahan S.E.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Lewis publishers (2005).

Sharma and Kaur: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Krishna publishers (2016).

DeA.K.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Wiley Eastern (2006).

KhopkarS.M.: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ANALYSIS, Wiley Eastern (2007).

BairdC.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, W.H. Freeman (2004).

Welcher F.J.: STANDARD METHOD OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Vol. III, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., (1975).

BockrisJ.O’M.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Plenum Press, (2012).

Course Number: CHM806, Course Title: CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major, Approved since session:  2020-21

Credits: 6.5, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 15(L-0+T-0+P/S-15), Minimum pds./sem: 195

 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

1. Semi-micro qualitative mixture analysis including less common metal ions, such as, TI, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Th, V and U (two metal ions in cationic/anionic forms).
2. Spectrometric determination of fluoride/nitrite/phosphate.
3. Powder X-RAY Diffraction: Structural Determination Of Alkali Halide Salts (NaCl, KCl, NaF and CsCl)
4. Morphological analysis of metal  oxides  nano particles  by Scanning Electron Microscopy.
5. Topological analysis of nanostructured metal oxides using Atomic Force Microscope

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: GREEN SYNTHESIS

1. Multistep synthesis of Organic compounds (any four of  the given below).

          (i) Acetanilide‑‑>p‑nitroacetanilide‑‑>p‑nitroaniline‑‑>p‑iodonitro aniline.

          (ii) Acetanilide ‑‑>aniline ‑‑>p‑bromoacetanilide ‑‑>p‑bromoaniline.

          (iii) Aniline‑‑>2,4,6, tribromoaniline‑‑>2,4,6, tribromo  benzene.

          (iv) benzene ‑‑>nitrobenzene‑‑>m‑dinitrobenzene‑‑> m‑nitroaniline

          (v) Synthesis of benzilic acid (Benzil‑Benzilic‑acid‑rearrangement)

          (vi) Synthesis of Anthranilic acid (Hofmann's Rearrangement)

          (vii) Synthesis of 1,2,3,4 tetra hydrocarbazole (Fischer‑Indole Synthesis).

          (viii) Synthesis of ortho and para derivatives of nitrophenols

          (ix) Synthesis of methylsalicyclate starting from salicylic acid.

2. Isolation of ascorbic acid from fruit juices, its characterization and estimation volumetrically

3. Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves and its characterization

4. Synthesis of Polymer (Synthetic rubber)

5. Synthesis of conducting polymer (Poly aniline)

6. Synthesis of polymeric laminating agents

7. Green synthesis of nitro salicylic acid.

8. Green synthesis of p- bromo acetanilide.

9. Green photo reduction of benzo phenone to benzo-pinacol.

10. Green route to pinacol to pinacolone rearrangement (Benzo pinacolone).

11. Green route to radical coupling reaction (1,1, bis 2-naphthol).

12. Green synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:

Any five of the following:

1. Determination of pKa of an indicator (methyl red) in aqueous media
2. Determination of rate constant for hydrolysis/inversion of sugar using polarimeter
3. Determination of thermodynamic constants by e.m.f. method
4. Determine the activity coefficient of Ag⁺ ions in AgNO₃ solution, potentiometrically, using a concentration cell with a salt bridge.
5. Study the effect of ionic strength (varied by the addition of KNO₃ in the solution) on the activity coefficient of Ag⁺ ions in 0.01 M AgNO₃ solution, potentiometrically.
6. Determine the transport number of Ag⁺ and NO_3- ions in solution using 0.1 M and 0.01 M AgNO₃ solutions (Given: Mean ionic activity coefficients of AgNO₃ in 0.01 M and 0.1 M solutions are 0.89 and 0.73, respectively).
7. Determine the composition of binary mixture (solution) containing K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ using spectrophotometer.
8. Determination of decomposition voltage of aqueous solutions
9. Determination of number of quanta absorbed using chemical actinometers

10. Determination of quantum yield of photochemical dimerisation of Anthracence

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY:

1. Analysis of major anions (F, Cl, NO₃, SO₄) and major cations (Na, Ca, K, Mg, NH₄) in water by ion-exchange chromatography.
2. Analysis of SO₂, NH₃, NO₂ and O₃ with real time value from online analyzers.
3. Determination of PM_2.5 mass concentration and calculation of Air Quality Index.
4. Analysis of N, P, K in Soil.
5. Analysis of water quality parameters: pH, conductance, dissolved oxygen, hardness, chloride and fluoride.
6. Determination of Pesticides by Gas chromatography in drinking water samples.
7. Determination of Cu/ Cd/Fe in water samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS:

1. Separation of organic compounds (dyes) using HPTLC

2. Separation of organic compounds using HPLC

3. Characterization of important functional groups using FTIR

4. Behaviour of semiconductor – electrolyte junction under illumination and determination of I_sc, V_oc, and fill factor.

5. “To measure hydrocarbons, NOx abd CO emitted from diesel engine vehicles

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Burns D.T. and Rattenbury E.M.: INTRODUCTORY PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Pergamon Press (1966).

Daniels F., Williams J.W., Bender P., Alberty R.A., Cornwell C.D. and Harriman J.E.: EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, McGraw Hill (1962).

Day R.A. and Underwood A.L.: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, Prentice Hall India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 3^rd Ed., (1997).

Khosla B.D., Gulati A. and Garg V.C.: SENIOR PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, R. Chand & Co., (2008).

Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W.: EXPERIMENTS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, McGraw Hill, New York (1996).

EwingG.W.: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, McGraw Hills (1989).

Yadav J.B.: ADVANCED PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Goel Publishing House (2000).

Lewitt B.P.: FINDLEY’S PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Longman (1990).

Furniss B.S., Hannaford A.J., Smith P.W.G. and Tatchell A.R.: VOGEL: PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, (1989).

Ozin G.A., Arsenault A.C. and Cademartiri L.: NANOCHEMISTRY: A CHEMICAL APPROACH TO NANOMATERIALS (2009).

Sergeev G.B.: NANOCHEMISTRY, Elsevier, B.V. (2006).

 

 

Course Number: CHM001, Course Title: BASIC RES. METH., SC.COMPUT.& ANAL.

Class: M.Sc., Status of Course: CORE COURSE, Approved since session: 2013-14

Total Credits:4

 

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION

Meaning of research, types of research, research process, problem formulation and techniques, literature review. Research design, principles and types of experimental designs, controls in an experiment, types of controls.

UNIT 2: MEASUREMENT & DATA COLLECTION

Measurement & Scaling: Measurement in research, scales of measurement, sources of errors, tests of sound measurement, development of measurement tools, scaling, scale construction techniques. Methods of data collection: observation, interviews, questionnaire, rating scales, content analysis, case study, schedules.

UNIT 3: ANALYSIS

Quantitative analysis, Errors in Quantitative analysis- random and systematic errors, handling systematic errors, presentation of results, Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Figures of merit- accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, method of standard additions, internal and external standards, comparison of analytical methods.

UNIT 4: INTERPRETATION & REPORTING

Interpretation, techniques of Interpretation, precautions in Interpretation. Report writing: synopsis, project/dissertation report, abstract; reading and writing a research paper.

UNIT 5: SEARCH, REASONING & IPR

Part A: Patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, IPR. Ethical, legal and social issues associated with research. Research and the Internet: World Wide Web, search engines, search strategy, subject categories, specialized databases.

Part B: Mathematical and Logical Reasoning.

 

Suggested Readings:

Kothari C.R. & Garg G.: Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques, 3^rdEdition, New Age International (2003).

Chawla D. and Sondhi N.: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CONCEPTS AND CASES, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd (2018).

Agarwal A.K.: MODERN APPROACH TO LOGICAL REASONING, S. Chand & Co., Delhi (2012).

Panneerselvam R.: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, PHI (2004).

Dean, J. R. Jones, Holmes A. M., Reed D., Weyers R., J. &  Jones  A.: PRACTICAL SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY, 2^nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Harlow (2011).

 

 

Course Number: CHM002, Course Title: PRE-DISSERTATION

Class: M.Sc., Status of Course: Summer Term Course, Approved since session: 1996‑1997

Total Credits: 4,

 

Pre-dissertation will include preparation and improvement of synopsis in consultation with concerning supervisor.

 

Course Number: CHM901, Course Title: DISSERTATION

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 1996‑1997

Total Credits: 12, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 12(L-12+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./sem.: 156

 

Project work including submission of a project report.

 

Course Number: CHM902, Course Title: APPLICATIONS OF SPECTROSCOPY

Class: M.Sc., Status of the Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2010‑2011

Total Credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0),Minimum pds./Sem.: 52

 

Applications to Inorganic chemistry

UNIT 1                                                                                              [10 pds]

VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY: Symmetry and shape of AB₂, AB₃, AB₄, AB₅ and AB₆, mode of bonding of ambidentate ligands, ethylenediamine and diketonato complexes, application of resonance Raman spectroscopy particularly for the study of active sites of metalloprotiens.

MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY: Basic principle, spectral parameters and spectrum display. Application of the technique in the studies of: (1) bonding and structures of Fe⁺² and Fe⁺³ compounds including those of intermediate spin, (2) Sn⁺² and Sn⁺⁴ compounds - nature of M-L bond, coordination number, structure and (3) detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB atoms.

UNIT 2                                                                                              [10 pds]

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of paramagnetic substances in solution, the contact and pseudo contact shifts, factors affecting nuclear relaxation, some applications including biochemical systems, an overview of NMR of metal nuclides.

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY: Hyperfine coupling, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions, spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, application to transition metal complexes (having one unpaired electron) including biological systems and to inorganic free radical such as PH₄, F₂^- and (BH₃)^-.

Applications to Organic Chemistry

UNIT 3                                                                                              [10 pds]

ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY: Various electronic transition (185-800nm), effect of solvent on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes. Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, steric effect in biphenyls.

UNIT 4                                                                                              [10 pds]

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compound (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides, lactones lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds) Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi-resonance, FT-IR, IR of gaseous, solids and polymeric materials.

UNIT 5                                                                                              [12 pds]

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY: General introduction and definition, Chemical Shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism. Mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values and correlation for protons bounded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, and mercapto), chemical exchange, effect of deuteration, complex spin-spin interaction between two, three four and five nuclei (first order spectra), virtual coupling, stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Fourier transform technique, Nuclear Overhauser effect(NOE), Resonance of other nuclei- F, P.

Carbon¹³ NMR Spectroscopy:

General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carbonyl carbon), coupling constants. Two dimension NMR Spectroscopy (a general idea).

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Barrow G.M.:INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill (1962).

Banwell C.N. and McCash E.M.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw-Hill, 4^th Ed. (1994).

Brand J.C.D. and Speakman J.C.: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: THE PHYSICAL APPROACH, Edward Arnold, London, 2^nd Ed., (1975).

Chang R.: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY, McGraw Hill, New York (1970).

Harris D.C. and Bertolucci M.D.:SYMMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL AND ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Dover Publications, New York (1990).

Hollas J.M.: MODERN SPECTROSCOPY, John Wiley & Sons, 4^th Ed., (2004).

Parish R.V.: NMR, NQR, EPR AND MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Ellis Harwood (2003).

Drago R.S.: PHYSICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY, Saunders College (1992).

Ebsworth E.A.V, Rankin D.W.H. and Cradock S.:STRUCTURAL METHODS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ELBS (1988).

Nakamoto K.: INFRARED AND RAMEN SPECTRA: INORGANIC AND COORDINATION COMPOUNDS, Wiley (1986).

Cotton F.A.: PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. 15, S. J. Lippard, Wiley (1997).

Carlin R.L.: TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. III, Dekker (1966).

Lever A.P.B.:  INORGANIC ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY, Elsevier (1984).

Martin M.L., Delpeuch J.J. and Martin G.J.:PRACTICAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY, Heyden (1980).

Silverstein R.M., Bassler G.C. and Morill T.C.: SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, John Wiley (2000).

Abraham R.J., Fisher J. and Loftus P.: INTRODUCTION TO NMR SPECTROSCOPY, Wiley (1988).

Dyer J.R.: APPLICATION OF SPECTROSCOPY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, Prentice Hall (2004).

Williams D.H. and Fleming I.: SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Tata McGraw Hill (1988).

Kalsi P.S.: SPECTROSCOPY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, (1996).

Kakkar R.: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, Cambridge University Press (2015)

Douglas B.E. & Hollingsworth C.A.: SYMMETRY IN BONDING AND SPECTRA, Academic Press (1985).

Course Number: CHM903, Course Title: CHEMISTRY OF BIO-SYSTEMS

Class: M.Sc., Status of the course: Major course, Approved since session: 2010-11

Total credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum pds./sem.: 52

 

UNIT 1: Bioenergetics and Transport                                              [12 pds]

(a) Thermodynamic principles in biology, Bioenergetics: ATP:ADP cycle, energy rich and energy poor phosphates (b) Photosynthesis, Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylation (c) Ion transport through cell membrane, Irreversible thermodynamic treatment of membrane transport (d) Thermodynamics of biopolymer solution, osmotic pressure, membrane equilibrium.

UNIT 2: Metabolism                                                                          [14 pds]

(a) Metabolism strategies, anabolic and catabolic pathway (b) Carbohydrate Metabolism: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis; the pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, electron transport, protein translocation and oxidative phosphorylation (c) Metabolism of Lipids, Mechanisms of  membrane transport, metabolism of fatty acids: boxidation and synthesis (d) Metabolism of amino acids: Biosynthesis of amino acids, degradation of amino acids, urea cycle.

UNIT 3: Enzymes                                                                                 [8 pds]

Classification of enzymes, specificity of enzymes. Enzymes kinetics, enzyme inhibition, mechanism of enzyme actions, enzymes models, coenzymes

UNIT 4: Tools of cell biology                                                          [10 pds]

(a) Structure of Nucleic acids and Nucleoprotiens, DNA replication, repair and recombination, RNA synthesis, processing, Protein synthesis, gene expressions (b) Use of radioisotopes in biological activity studies, determining sizes of nucleic acids and proteins, centrifugation, Sedimentation constant, Electrophoresis, Gel Electrophoresis, Examining the sequences of NA and Protein (c)  Hybridization, Finger printing, Southern Blotting, Northern Blotting and recombinant technology

UNIT 5: Bioinorganic chemistry                                                        [8 pds]

(a) Metal ions in biology, molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes ionospheres (b) Metal complexes as oxygen carriers: structure and functions of Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Haemocyanin and Hemoerythrine, Model synthetic complexes of Fe, Co and Cu (c)Metal complexes as electron carrier, Cytochromes, Fe-S proteins, Blue copper Proteins (d) Biological Nitrogen fixation, Molybdenum-nitrogenase.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Lehninger A.L.: PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Nelson & Cox (2004).

Harper: PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGY, Hardcover Publisher (1990).

Gilvery R.W. and Goldstein G.:BIOCHEMISTRY: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH, WB Saunders Co., (1983).

Cohn and Stumph: OUTLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Wiley Eastern (2000).

Zubay G.: BIOCHEMISTRY, Wm. C. Brown Publishers (1993).

Lipard S.J. and Berg J.M.: PRINCIPLES OF BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY, University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA, USA (1998).

 

 

Course Number: CHM951, Course Title: DISSERTATION I

Class: M.Phil., Status of the course: Major course, Approved since session: 2008-09

Total credits: 8

 

Preparation of the synopsis on the allotted research problem including survey of the literature, objectives, methodologies etc. Report on pilot studies/preliminary results.

 

Course Number: CHM952, Course Title: DISSERTATION II

Class: M.Phil., Status of the course: Major course, Approved since session: 2008-09

Total credits: 16

 

Project work including submission of a project report.

 

Course Number: CHM953, Course Title: SELF STUDY COURSE

Class: M.Phil., Status of the course: Major course, Approved since session: 2013-14

Total credits: 4

 

Students will give four seminars on different topics in the following areas during the semester. The candidates will also be examined by the external examiner.

 

a.Seminar to be delivered on front line areas of research.

b.Preparation and submission of review article addressing a research problem assigned.

c.Visit to Industry/ Research Lab/ National/ International Conference/ Summary of work of Nobel Laureates in last 10 years in Chemistry

 

Course Number: CHM954, Course Title: RECENT ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY

Class: M.Phil., Status of the course: Major course, Approved since session: 2013-14

Total credits: 4, Periods (55 mts. Each)/week: 5(L-5+T-0+P/S-0), Minimum Period/Sem.: 65

 

UNIT 1: CHEMISTRY IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY                         [13 pds]

Nanochemistry – Novel chemistry related to nanomaterials such as colloids and clusters, different equilibrium structures, quantum effects, conductivity and enhanced catalytic activity; Preparation of nanomaterials – nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanoclusters and Quantum dots, top down and bottom up approach; Characterization of nanomaterials using spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction techniques.

UNIT 2: CHEMISTRY OF PHYTOPOTENTIALS                                             [13 pds]

Plant primary and secondary metabolites, secondary metabolites as sources of bio-molecules of pharmacological, insecticidal and bio-sorption. Methods of extraction (Soxhlation and Sonication). Route of Natural product (Bio-active principle) discovery, different methods of in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays with special reference to larvicidal, fungicidal, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-diabetes. Tailoring of bio-molecules with enhanced bio-efficacy and sorption.

UNIT 3: DRUG DESIGN STRATEGIES                                                       [13 pds]

Drug Design, Drug Targets, Structure based drug design, NMR/X-ray in drug design, Molecular modeling, Structural components of DNA Binding agents, examples oligopeptides antiviral compounds and indole alkaloids and their derivatives.

UNIT 4: SONOCHEMISTRY                                                                    [13 pds]

Principles and applications of Sonochemistry. Ultrasonic equipment and chemical reactor design, Cavitation, Nature of Sonochemical reactions. Effect of ultrasound in chemical reactions, Ultrasonically induced chemical reactions, Ultrasonic degradations of chemical compounds and applications of sonochemistry in the synthesis. Sono-electrochemistry, Sono-microwave chemistry, Sono-catalysis.

UNIT 5: GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE CHANGE          [13 pds]

Radiation balance of the atmosphere and the Greenhouse effect, Contribution of trace gases and aerosols to climate change, Recent trends, Ozone, VOC and NOx cycle in the atmosphere, control strategies and risk assessment, nanoparticles in the atmosphere, their effects on climate change and health.

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Srivastava M.M. and Sanghi R.: CHEMISTRY FOR GREEN ENVIRONMENT, Alfa Science International, UK (2005).

Sanghi R. and  Srivastava M.M.: GREEN CHEMISTRY: ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY TECHNIQUES, Narosa Publication House (2003).

Mason T.J. and Lorimer J.P.: SONOCHEMISTRY: THEORY, APPLICATION AND USES OF ULTRASOUND IN CHEMISTRY, Elis Horwood Ltd., John Wiley (1990).

Bockaris  J.O’M.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, (1977).

Manahn  S.E.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Lewis publishers (2005).

DE A.K.: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Wiley Eastern (2003).

Khopkar S.M.: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ANALYSIS, Wiley Eastern (2007).

Pankaj and Muthupandian A.K.: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SONOCHEMISTRY INVOLVING INORGANIC SYSTEMS, Springer, (2011).

Course Number: CHm955, Course Title: Adv. SCIENTIFIC Methodology & ANAL.

Class: M.Phil. (Botany, Chemistry & Zoology)

Status of Course: Major Course, Approved since session: 2014-15

Total Credits: 4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:5(L-5+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:65

[Same as BOM954 & ZOM954]

UNIT 1: LINEAR ALGEBRA

Matrix algebra, Determinants, System of Linear equations, Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors.

UNIT 2: STATISTICS IN RESEARCH

Fundamentals of Statistical Analysis and Inference, Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests, Confidence intervals and Errors, Tests of Association; Correlation and Regression, Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis, Error Analysis and their application to life sciences.

UNIT 3: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Basic principles of experimental design, randomization structure and analysis of completely randomized, randomized block and Latin-square designs. Factorial experiments. Analysis of 2ⁿ factorial experiments in randomized blocks.

UNIT 4

Part A: Use of Computers and relevant software: Computer and its role in Research, Basics of Computer Operating Systems; Excel: Excel Macros; SPSS/ Open Source Statistical Package. Introduction to Presentation Software. Introduction to Internet Technologies and searching the WWW.

Part B: Mathematical and Logical Reasoning to Cover Part I of UGC NET Syllabus. Literature review, report writing and ethics in research.

UNIT 5

Introduction to Soft-computing: Genetic algorithms (GA), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Biological basis for ANNs, ANN Architectures, Learning Methods and Applications; Evolutionary computation, Biological Basis for Evolutionary Computation, GA working principle, Encoding, Fitness Function, Variation Operators, Termination Criteria and Applications.

 

Suggested Reading:

David Lay: LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS, Pearson (2013).

Holmes D., Moody P. & Dine D.: RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BIOSCIENCES, 2^nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2010).

Bajpai, N.: BUSINESS STATISTICS, Pearson Press (2010).

Eberhart R.C. and Shi Y.: COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: CONCEPTS TO IMPLEMENTATIONS, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (2011).

Rajsekaran S. & Vijayalakshmi Pai G.A.: NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY LOGIC AND GENETIC ALGORITHM: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS, Prentice Hall of India (2013).

Sokal R.R. and Rohlf F.J.: BIOMETRY: THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF STATISTICS IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. (1994)

Quinn G.P., Keough M.J.: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND DATA ANALYSIS FOR BIOLOGISTS. (2002)

Jones D.J.R., Holmes A.M., Reed D., Weyers R., J. & Jones A.: PRACTICAL SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY, 2^nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Harlow (2011).

Hibbert D.B. & Gooding J.J.: DATA ANALYSIS FOR CHEMISTRY, Oxford University Press (2006).

Topping J.: ERRORS OF OBSERVATION AND THEIR TREATMENT, 4^th Ed., Chapman Hall, London (1984).

Harris D.C.: QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 6^th Ed., Freeman (2007), Chapters 3-5.

De L.R.: HOW TO USE EXCEL IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND IN GENERAL SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001), 487 pages.

                                                                                         

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ADVANCED WORK EXPERIENCE COURSES

Course Number: CHW301, Title: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF LEATHER PROCESSING III

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) Principles and process of Leather tanning: Chrome, alum. Formaldehyde, oil and vegetable tanning (b) manufacture of miscellaneous leather.

PRACTICAL: Demonstration of working, maintenance and repair of the following machines - snuffing and buffing machine, staking machine, glacing machine, spraying machine, pressing machine, measuring machine. Analysis of Tannery effluents: pH, alkalinity, hardness, Cl^-, EC and TDS.

Course Number: CHW302, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR AND WATER III

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a)Pattern of pollution and self purification in a stream : Dissolved oxygen, deoxygenation through exertion of BOD, BOD and DO profile in streams, pH values of wastes and receiving water (b) Waste water treatment : The origin of concept, objectives, stages of treatment, New directions, Land treatment systems, use of aquatic species, satellite treatment (c) Preliminary treatment of waste water: (i)   Screening: Bar, belt and drum screens, comminutors, microstraing (ii)  Grit removal (iii) Flow equalization: Inline and off line equalization (d) Methods for analysis of SO₂, NO_X, CO, O₃ and HCs.

PRACTICAL: (a) Chemical analysis of water and waste water: Dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, fluoride etc. (b) Analysis of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃.

 

Course Number: CHW401, Title: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF LEATHER PROCESSING IV

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: Post-Tanning processes: Neutralization, fat liquoring, dyeing and finishing.

PRACTICAL: Analysis of tannery effluents: DO, BOD, COD and Cr.

 

Course Number: CHW402, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR AND WATER IV

Class: B.Sc., Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) Primary treatment of waste water. Objectives, Primary sedimentation tank : Design, criteria and general requirements, Flotation, removal  of colloidal particles, Granular medium filtration (b) Secondary treatment of waste water:  Aerobic biological oxidation : Principle, percolating filter, activated sludge treatment oxidation ponds, modifications in conventional systems. Anaerobic biological oxidation: Principle, Anaerobic digestion plant, production of CH₄ and volatile acids (c) Methods for control of automobile emissions.

PRACTICAL: (a) Measurement of BOD (5 days, 20⁰ C) & COD values of waste waters (b) Measurement of settling characteristics of suspended particles present in waste water (c) Collection of suspended particulate matter and its measurement.

 

Course Number: CHW501, Title:PHYSICAL&CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF LEATHER PROCESSING V

Class: B.Sc. Honours, Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) Management of tannery effluents: Disposal, treatment and recycling of materials (b) Knowledge of operation and maintenance of various machines used in tannery.

PRACTICAL: Physical and chemical testing of leather: tensile strength, colour fastness, elongation.

Course Number: CHW502, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR AND WATER V

Class: B.Sc. Honours, Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (A) Secondary treatment of waste water: (i) Disinfection: Principle and objectives uses of ozone, UV radiation, KMNO₄ and chlorine, break point chlorination, Problems arising from residuals (ii)   Chemical treatment: (a)  Precipitation: Removal of hardness, removal of metals (b)  Ion - exchange: Use of ion exchange resins for removal of hardness (c)  Adsorption (B) Tertiary and advanced treatment of waste water, water reclamation, removal of impurities, of conventional (C) Sludge treatment and its disposal (D) Low cost waste treatment systems : Use of grass plots and lagoons. (E) Methods for control of industrial emissions.

PRACTICAL: (a) Bacterial analysis of waste waters: Coliform plate count and MON index (b) Determination of correct dose and correct pH for a coagulant on the basis of jar test method (c) Extraction of organic and inorganic particulate matter from SPM and analysis of PAH.

 

Course Number: CHW601, Title: PHYSICAL&CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF LEATHER PROCESSING VI

Class: B.Sc. Honours, Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1999-2000

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

THEORY: Recent developments on leather manufacture technology and tannery waste disposal.

PRACTICAL: (a) Physical and chemical testing of leather (b) A case study of a tannery and submission of a report.

 

Course Number: CHW602, Course Title: POLLUTION CONTROL OF AIR AND WATER VI

Class: B.Sc. Honours, Status: Work Experience Course, Approved since session:  1998-99

Total Credits: 2, Total periods per week: 4, Total periods per semester: 52

 

THEORY: (a) Industrial waste treatment: Tannery wastes, Dairy wastes, oil refineries waste and sugar mill wastes (b) Environmental legislation: Environment protection act, 1986: Salient features, powers of central government (c) Environmental Impact Assessment.

PRACTICAL: (a) Analysis of heavy metals in water and waste water (b) Analysis of heavy metals in suspended particulate matter.

SUMMER TERM: Visit to different industrial units and submission of a report on the major unit process, modes of waste water generation, treatment and disposed currently in practice in the industrial unit (without disclosing the name of the unit).

 

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